In 1813, Fort Daniel was created during the War of 1812 in territory that would become Gwinnett County.[5] The county was created in 1818 by an act of the Georgia General Assembly, Gwinnett County was formed from parts of Jackson County (formerly part of Franklin County) and from lands gained through the cession of Creek Indian lands. Named for Button Gwinnett, one of the signatories of the Declaration of Independence, the first county election was held at the home of Elisha Winn, and the first Superior Court was held in his barn. The county seat was later placed at Lawrenceville.[6]
In 1831, a group of white men were tried and found guilty in Lawrenceville for violating Georgia law by living in the Cherokee Nation without a valid passport from the Governor. Two of the men appealed to the US Supreme Court in Worcester v. Georgia, which resulted in a ruling stating that only the federal government had jurisdiction over native lands, a decision which still stands.[7]
In 1861, all three of Gwinnett County's representatives at the Georgia Constitutional Convention (1861) in Milledgeville voted against secession. Towards the end of the war, Union troops foraged in Gwinnett County as part of the Atlanta Campaign.[7]
The Freedmen's Bureau was active in Gwinnett County during Reconstruction. In 1871 the courthouse in Lawrenceville was burned by the Ku Klux Klan in an attempt to avoid prosecution for their crimes, which included the shooting of a black election manager in Norcross.[8]
Early in the county's history, gold mining was a minor industry. The Gwinnett Manufacturing Company, a cotton textile factory, operated in Lawrenceville in the 1850s through 1865, when it burned. The Bona Allen Company in Buford, Georgia produced saddles, harnesses and other leather goods from 1873 to 1981.[7]
The northeastern part of Gwinnett County was removed in 1914 to form a part of the new Barrow County.
Geography
The Elisha Winn House served as Gwinnett County's first courthouse.The Historic Gwinnett County Courthouse (no longer used).
According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 437 square miles (1,130 km2), of which 430 square miles (1,100 km2) is land and 6.4 square miles (17 km2) (1.5%) is water.[9] The county is located in the upper Piedmont region of the state.
U.S. Decennial Census[21] 1790-1960[22] 1900-1990[23] 1990-2000[24] 2010-2013[25]
Gwinnett County is often cited as one of the counties in the US that has demographically changed the most rapidly. As recently as 1990, over 90% of Gwinnett County's population was white. By 2007, the county was considered majority-minority.[26][27]
As of the 2020 United States census, there were 957,062 people, 301,471 households, and 230,960 families residing in the county.
2010 Census
As of the 2010 United States Census, there were 805,321 people, 268,519 households, and 203,238 families residing in the county.[29] The population density was 1,872.8 inhabitants per square mile (723.1/km2). There were 291,547 housing units at an average density of 678.0 per square mile (261.8/km2).[30] The racial makeup of the county was 53.3% White (44.0% Non-Hispanic White), 23.6% black or African American, 10.6% Asian, 0.5% American Indian, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 8.8% from other races, 3.1% from two or more races. Those of Hispanic or Latino origin made up 20.1% of the population.[29] In terms of ancestry, 8.3% were German, 7.8% were Irish, 7.7% were English, and 5.8% were American.[31]
Of the 268,519 households, 45.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 56.2% were married couples living together, 14.2% had a female householder with no husband present, 24.3% were non-families, and 19.1% of all households were made up of individuals. The average household size was 2.98 and the average family size was 3.40. The median age was 33.7 years.[29]
The median income for a household in the county was $63,219 and the median income for a family was $70,767. Males had a median income of $48,671 versus $39,540 for females. The per capita income for the county was $26,901. About 8.7% of families and 11.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 15.1% of those under age 18 and 8.1% of those age 65 or over.[32]
ASHRAE's world headquarters is in Peachtree Corners.[34]
Comcast Corporation, the American global telecommunications conglomerate and owner of Xfinity and NBCUniversal, has its Southeast Headquarters in Peachtree Corners.[35]
Canon has its southeast region headquarters in Norcross.
Datapath, Inc., a firm specializing in secure satellite communications and wireless communications systems, is headquartered in unincorporated Gwinnett, near Duluth.
Waffle House is headquartered in unincorporated Gwinnett County,[44] near Norcross.[45]
Yerkes National Primate Research Center, the CDC's primate research center located on the campus of Emory University in Atlanta, maintains its high security Yerkes Field Station, which houses most of its primates, near Lawrenceville.
Government and politics
Under Georgia's "home rule" provision, county governments have free rein to legislate on all matters within the county, provided that such legislation does not conflict with state or federal law, or state or federal Constitutions.
Gwinnett County, Georgia is governed by a five-member Board of Commissioners, which exercises both legislative and executive authority within the county. The Chair of the Board is elected county-wide and serves full-time. The four other commissioners are elected from single-member districts and serve part-time positions. The board hires a county administrator who oversees daily operations of the county's twelve executive departments. Gwinnett County has a police department that operates under the authority of the Board of Commissioners. Some of the local Gwinnett city budgets have recently come under increasing scrutiny of the General Funds allocated to police services. Cities such as Duluth have allocated as much as forty percent of their city budgets, reaching some of the highest levels in the nation.[46] Solutions to high spending being discussed include additional “investment in mental health, housing, youth development and living wages would stabilize communities and prove more effective than policing.”[47]
In addition to the Board of Commissioners, county residents also elect persons to the following positions: Sheriff, District Attorney, Probate Court Judge, Clerk of State/Superior Court, Tax Commissioner, State Court Solicitor, Chief Magistrate Judge (who appoints other Magistrate Court judges), Chief Superior Court Judge and Superior Court Judges, and Chief State Court Judge and State Court Judges.
Gwinnett County has the largest public school system in the state of Georgia.[citation needed] Members of the Board of Education are elected from special election districts in the county.
For most of the time from 1964 to 2012, the county was a Republican stronghold in presidential elections. The only Democrat to carry the county in this period was former Georgia governor Jimmy Carter in 1976, who carried Gwinnett County during his sweep of every county in the state. However, the Republican edge narrowed, and then eventually was eliminated, in the 2010s as the county, as well as the rest of the Atlanta metro, have gotten larger and more diverse. In 2016, Hillary Clinton became the first Democrat to win Gwinnett County in 40 years and the first non-Georgian Democrat to do so since John F. Kennedy in 1960, doing so by 5.9 points. In 2018, Stacey Abrams became the first Democrat to win Gwinnett County in a gubernatorial election since 1986 when Joe Frank Harris swept every county statewide. The Democratic trend became even more apparent in 2020, when Joe Biden won the county by 18.2 points, the best showing for a non-Georgian Democrat since Kennedy's 73.50%.
Raphael Warnock earned 62.8% of the vote here in the 2022 Senate runoff election, the best showing for any Democrat in this county since the aforementioned John F. Kennedy result, beating the aforementioned Joe Biden result.
United States presidential election results for Gwinnett County, Georgia[48]
Gwinnett County is one of six "reverse pivot counties", counties that voted Republican in 2008 and 2012, and voted Democratic in 2016, 2018, and 2020.[49]
Gwinnett County Board of Commissioners
District
Name
Party
First elected
Incorporated Cities of Gwinnett County represented[50]
Gwinnett County Public Schools operates the public schools for residents in Gwinnett County, with the exception of residents inside the Buford city limits, which are served by the Buford City School District. There are 143 schools in the district—21 high schools, 29 middle schools, 80 elementary schools and 13 specialty schools, making it the largest school district in Georgia.
^"History of Gwinnett County". Gwinnetths.org. Gwinnett Historical Society. Archived from the original on December 23, 2014. Retrieved December 19, 2014.
^ abcGagnon, Michael (2018). Gwinnett County: A Bicentennial Celebration. Gwinnett Historical Society: Gwinnett Historical Society.
^"Economic Development". peachtreecornersga.gov. City of Peachtree Corners. Archived from the original on December 12, 2019. Retrieved October 23, 2017.
^Mason, Mike (July 2019). "Peachtree Corners Continues to Prosper"(PDF). files.constantcontact.com. Peachtree Corners, GA. Archived(PDF) from the original on July 15, 2019. Retrieved July 15, 2019.
United States
Georgia
