View of Noida city from Holiday Inn, Mayur Vihar. | |
Currency | Indian Rupee ₹ |
---|---|
1 April - 31 March | |
Country group |
|
Statistics | |
GDP | ![]() |
GDP rank | 4th |
GDP growth | ![]() |
GDP per capita | ![]() |
GDP per capita rank | 28th |
GDP by sector | Agriculture (26%) Industry (25%) Services (49%) (2021-22)[3] |
Population below poverty line | ![]() |
Unemployment | ![]() |
Main industries | Agriculture, Livestock, Farming, Fishing, Pottery, Gold market, Brass Industry, IT Industry, Construction Industry, Infrastructure Industry, IT Consulting, Electronics Industry, Garment, Textile industry, Advertising Industry, Automobile Industry, Leather Industry and others |
Public finances | |
32.5% of GSDP (March 2023 est.)[3] | |
![]() | |
Revenues | ![]() |
Expenses | ![]() |
The economy of Uttar Pradesh is the third largest of all the states in India. Nominal GDP of the state for the year 2022-23 is Rs. 21.74 trillion
on (US$ 294.90 billion) in 2021-22.[3] Uttar Pradesh has an urban population of 44,495,063. According to the 2011 census report, 22.76% of Uttar Pradesh's population lives in urban areas. The state has 7 cities with populations exceeding 10 lakh (1 million) each. After partition in 2000 (Uttarakhand state carved out of it), the new Uttar Pradesh state produces about 92% of the economic output of the old Uttar Pradesh state. According to Planning Commission estimates for the year 2011–12, 29.4% of the state's total population was poor.[5] However, updated findings by NITI Aayog based on NFHS-4 (2015–16), 37.79% of the population was found to be poor.[6]
In the tenth five-year planning period of 2002 and 2007, Uttar Pradesh registered an annual economic growth rate of 5.2%. In the eleventh period, between 2007 and 2012, Uttar Pradesh registered an annual economic growth rate of 7%. In 2012–13 and 2013–14, however, the growth rate decreased to 5.9% and 5.1%, respectively, one of the lowest in India. The state's debt was estimated at 67% of the gross domestic product in 2005. In 2012, the state was one of the highest receivers of overall remittances to India which stood at $46.75 billion (₹3,42,884.05 crore), along with Kerala, Tamil Nadu, and Punjab.[7] Additionally, the state government has selected seven cities for Metro train projects: Meerut, Allahabad, Gorakhpur, Agra, Kanpur, Lucknow, and Varanasi. The Lucknow Metro and Kanpur Metro projects were completed in September 2017 and December 2021 respectively. Uttar Pradesh is an agrarian state, and the highest producer of wheat (30% of the nation's supply).[8]
Main article: Agriculture in Uttar Pradesh |
Uttar Pradesh is a major contributor to the national food grain stock. In 2013–14, this state produced 5 crores (50.05 million) tonnes of food grain, 18.90% of the country's total production. This is partly due to the fertile regions of the Indo-Gangetic plain and partly due to irrigation facilities such as canals and tube wells. Lakhimpur Kheri is a densely populated sugar-producing district in the country. It has been the most common producer of food grains in India since the 1950s, due to high-yielding varieties of seed, greater availability of fertilisers, and increased use of irrigation.[9] Western Uttar Pradesh is more advanced in terms of agriculture as compared to the other regions in the state. The majority of the state's population depends upon farming activities. Wheat, rice, pulses, oilseeds, and potatoes are major agricultural products. Sugarcane is the most important cash crop throughout the state. Uttar Pradesh is one of the most important states in India as far as horticulture is concerned. Mangoes are also produced in the state.[10]
Gross State Domestic Product at Current Prices
figures in crores of Indian Rupees | |
Year | Gross State Domestic Product[11] |
---|---|
1980–81 | ₹15,554 crore (equivalent to ₹3.1 trillion or US$38 billion in 2020) |
1985–86 | ₹27,748 crore (equivalent to ₹3.5 trillion or US$44 billion in 2020) |
1990–91 | ₹55,506 crore (equivalent to ₹4.6 trillion or US$58 billion in 2020) |
1995–96 | ₹106,249 crore (equivalent to ₹5.4 trillion or US$67 billion in 2020) |
2000-01 | ₹173,068 crore (equivalent to ₹6.1 trillion or US$76 billion in 2020) |
2005-06 | ₹241,196 crore (equivalent to ₹7.0 trillion or US$87 billion in 2020) |
2010-11 | ₹532,218 crore (equivalent to ₹10 trillion or US$130 billion in 2020) |
2015–16 | ₹1,137,808 crore (equivalent to ₹15 trillion or US$180 billion in 2020) |
2016–17 | ₹1,288,700 crore (equivalent to ₹16 trillion or US$200 billion in 2020) |
2017–18 | ₹1,416,006 crore (equivalent to ₹17 trillion or US$210 billion in 2020) |
2018–19 | ₹1,584,764 crore (equivalent to ₹18 trillion or US$230 billion in 2020) |
2019–20 | ₹1,687,818 crore (equivalent to ₹18 trillion or US$220 billion in 2020) |
2020–21 | ₹1,705,593 crore (US$210 billion) |
2021-22 | ₹1,749,469 crore (US$220 billion)[3] (est.) |
UP has witnessed rapid industrialisation in the recent past, particularly after the launch of policies of economic liberalisation in the country. As of March 1996, there were 1,661 medium and large industrial undertakings and 2,96,338 small industrial units employing 18.3 lakh persons. The per capita state domestic product was estimated at ₹7,263 in 1997–98 and there has been a visible decline in poverty in the state. However, nearly 40 percent of the total population lives below the poverty line.
There are numerous types of minerals in the state and many industries have come up based on these minerals. There are several cement plants in Mirzapur in the Vindhya region, a bauxite-based aluminium plant in the Banda region, and the Sonbhadra region. In the hilly regions of the state, many non-metallic minerals are found which are used as industrial raw materials. Coal deposits are found in the Singrauli region. Nevertheless, the state is poor in mineral resources. The only considerable deposits are of limestone in the Mirzapur district. These are being extracted and are used largely in cement manufacture.
Uttar Pradesh has a booming electronics industry, especially in the UP-Delhi-NCR and Lucknow-Kanpur Corridors where many electronics units are produced.
Cottage industries, such as handloom and handicrafts, have traditionally provided livelihood to a large number of people in the state. These industries include:
Large-scale industries Edit Dibiyapur is a notable industrial town of Auraiya district which has installations of India's leading public sector enterprises viz.
Cycle power plant of NTPC.[15] Pata Petrochemical plant Gas compressor station of GAIL[16] (previously known as Gas Authority of India Limited). Small-scale industries Edit The Rice-mills and Dal-mills are working well. Other than these mills some steel furniture and cement products small scale industries are there in town located at different places. The raw material for these small-scale industries is imported from Agra and Kanpur. Mainly, the rice, pulses and desi ghee is transported at large scale to the other districts and states. In the Dibiyapur town itself the wooden furniture work is on large scale and due to its cost and quality factor, the furniture has made a good place in the market of nearby districts.
Ghaziabad, Gautam Buddh Nagar, Kanpur, Faizabad, Sonbhadra, Mirzapur, and Balrampur are the most industrious areas in the state.
Mathura Refinery situated in Mathura is the only oil refinery in Uttar Pradesh, and is the 6th largest oil refinery in India.[citation needed]
Handlooms and handicrafts are a very important source of income in UP. There are thousands of power looms and handlooms in the state, most of which are situated in eastern UP. Many people depend on it for their livelihood. Main centres in eastern UP include Tanda, Varanasi, Azamgarh, Bhadohi, Mirzapur, Mau and Mau Aima (Prayagraj). In Western UP some of the important centres are Meerut, Etawah, Etah and Kasganj. In Eastern UP, Tanda is a small town with a population of approximately 1,50,000 people with over 1,00,000 power looms. The main products include Lungis, Gamchas, Shawls, Rumaal, and garment clothes.[citation needed]
It is a State Government scheme to encourage local handicrafts and specialized product from each district by helping workers financially. By providing them machineries and tools government helps small local workers.
The service industry plays a large role in the economy of Uttar Pradesh. It contributed nearly 49% of the gross state domestic product in 2021–22.[3] Uttar Pradesh is the 'IT-Hub' of North India, with a share of software exports next to that of Karnataka. But unlike South Indian states, IT enterprises are limited to particular areas only, such as Noida, Greater Noida and Ghaziabad, which lie in the National Capital Region (NCR), commercial capital Kanpur and in the state capital Lucknow.[citation needed]
Noida is also famous for TV News broadcasters. Almost all News channels such as ABP News, Zee News and Mahua News are located in Film City.[citation needed]
The infrastructure in UP is improving in comparison to the other advanced states of India. In 2013, the Government of India declared the construction of Chaudhary Charan Singh International Airport in Lucknow and Lal Bahadur Shastri Airport in Varanasi, and both became operational in 2016.Lucknow Metro and Kanpur Metro became operational in September 2017 and December 2021 respectively with Kanpur Metro being the fastest built metro network in India. The Uttar Pradesh State Road Transport Corporation bus service is one of the largest in the country with more than 10,000 buses. UPSRTC ALSO introduced Volvo, Scania, and Janrath ac buses service across the state.
The length of the national highway and railway track is highest in India. A new international airport had been proposed in Gautambudh Nagar district passed by the central government and supposed to start by 2023. Kushinagar international airport also is due to become operational in 2021. Work has also started on Ayodhya airport. Uttar Pradesh has the most national highways and the state's 8th airport Bareilly Airport began operation in March 2021, with the first route between Bareilly and Delhi, the flight will take an hour. The Yamuna Expressway, which is between New Delhi to Agra, is one of the best highways in the country. In 2015, the state government started another expressway project between Agra to Lucknow that will reduce the journey time; it was inaugurated on 21 November 2016. On 31 December 2015, Prime Minister Narendra Modi announced an expressway between New Delhi and Meerut, which will cost ₹7,500 crore. It will reduce the journey time to one hour.[citation needed] Delhi-Meerut expressway was opened for public use in April 2021.In 2018 four new expressways - Purvanchal expressway, Bundelkhand expressway, Kanpur-Lucknow expressway, Gorakhpur Link expressway, Ganga expressway, Ballia link expressway are being constructed. Purvanchal expressway has been opened for public use in February 2022, while the Bundelkhand expressway has started operating in July2022.
Further information: Tourism in Uttar Pradesh |
Among all the monuments, the Taj Mahal, Agra (5.65 million) was the most visited monument in 2018-19 for domestic visitors followed by Red Fort (3.43%) and Qutub Minar, Delhi (2.64 million). In respect of foreign visitors Taj Mahal, Agra (10.87 million) was the most visited monument, in FY 2018–19, followed by Agra Fort, Agra (0.52 million) and Qutab Minar, Delhi (0.33 million).[19]
Percentage share of Top 10 States/UT in Domestic Tourist Visits In 2018.[20]
Percentage share of Top 10 States/UT in Foreign Tourist Visits In 2018.[21]
Hotel Tiers and Room Counts | 5-Star Deluxe | 5-Star | 4-Star | 3-Star | 2-Star | Heritage Hotels | B&B Establishment | Total |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
No. of Hotels | 8 | 8 | 1 | 5 | 1 | 1 | 110 | 134 |
No. of Rooms | 1293 | 1028 | 88 | 175 | 28 | 41 | 595 | 3248 |
Further information: Education in Uttar Pradesh |
The total literacy rate of Uttar Pradesh is 67.68% which is less than average literacy rate 72.98% of India.[23]
Uttar Pradesh is the most populous state in India and is home to 200 million people, 60 million of who are poor. The pace of poverty reduction in the state has been slower than the rest of the country. Poverty is widespread. The central and eastern districts in particular have very high levels of poverty. The state is also experiencing widening consumption inequality in urban areas.Growth is slow and is driven mainly by services.[24] According to Niti Aayog's Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) based on NFHS-4, 37.79% population of Uttar Pradesh is poor.[25]
District | Population % |
---|---|
Lucknow | 12.16 |
Kanpur Nagar | 14.34 |
Gautam Buddha Nagar | 17.08 |
Ghaziabad | 17.47 |
Jhansi | 20.27 |
Baghpat | 21.08 |
Meerut | 21.11 |
Varanasi | 26.03 |
Gorakhpur | 26.26 |
Etawah | 27.44 |
District | Population % |
---|---|
Shrawasti | 74.38 |
Bahraich | 71.88 |
Balrampur | 69.45 |
Kheri | 59.95 |
Gonda | 59.26 |
Siddharth Nagar | 57.24 |
Budaun | 57.10 |
Sitapur | 56.83 |
Kaushambi | 56.06 |
Chitrakoot | 52.90 |