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((Infobox writing system
|name        = Taiwanese Hangul
|altname     = 
|nativename   =
|type        = [[Featural]] [[alphabet]]
|time        = since 1987
|languages   = [[Taiwanese Hokkien]]
|creator     = ((ill|Hsu Tsao-te|zh|許曹德)) (first proposed)
|children    = 
|sample      = Taigiganbun.png
|imagesize   = 250px
|caption     = Chinese characters "臺語諺文" written in Taiwanese Hangul
|footnotes   = 
|note        =
| fam1 = [[Hangul]]
))
((Written Hokkien))
'''Taiwanese Hangul''' ([[Hangul]]: ((lang|ko|대끼깐뿐)); ((zh|t=臺語諺文|p=Táiyǔ Yànwén|poj=Tâi-gí Gān-bûn))) is an [[orthography]] system for [[Taiwanese Hokkien]] (Taiwanese). Developed and promoted by [[Taiwanese people|Taiwanese]] linguist ((ill|Hsu Tsao-te|zh|許曹德)) in 1987, it uses modified [[List of Hangul jamo|Hangul letters]] to represent spoken Taiwanese, and was later supported by [[Ang Ui-jin]].<ref>((citation|title=「台灣閩南語槪論」講授資料彙編|author=Dong Zhongsi (董忠司)|publisher=Taiwan Languages and Literature Society))</ref><ref name="台語文運動訪談暨史料彙編">台語文運動訪談暨史料彙編</ref> Because both [[Chinese characters]] and Hangul are both written in the space of square boxes, unlike letters of the Latin alphabet, the use of [[Korean mixed script|Chinese-Hangul mixed writing]] is able to keep the spacing between the two scripts more consistent compared to Chinese-Latin mixed writing.

== Letters ==
=== Initials ===
{|class=wikitable
!rowspan=2 colspan=2| !!colspan=2|[[Bilabial consonant|Bilabial]]!!colspan=2|[[Alveolar consonant|Alveolar]]
!colspan=2|[[Alveolo-palatal consonant|Alveolo-palatal]]!!colspan=2|[[Velar consonant|Velar]]!![[Glottal consonant|Glottal]]
|-
![[Voicelessness|Voiceless]]!![[Voice (phonetics)|Voiced]]!![[Voicelessness|Voiceless]]!![[Voice (phonetics)|Voiced]]
![[Voicelessness|Voiceless]]!![[Voice (phonetics)|Voiced]]!![[Voicelessness|Voiceless]]!![[Voice (phonetics)|Voiced]]
![[Voicelessness|Voiceless]]
|-align=center
!colspan=2|[[Nasal consonant|Nasal]]
| 
|[[Bilabial nasal|'''<big>ᄆ</big>''' ((IPA|[m]|cat=no))]]<br/>ㄇ 毛 (<span style="color:#FF0000;">m</span>o͘ )
|
|[[Alveolar nasal|'''<big>ᄂ</big>''' ((IPA|[n]|cat=no))]]<br/>ㄋ 耐 (<span style="color:#FF0000;">n</span>āi)
| 
|
| 
|[[Velar nasal|'''<big>	ㄸ</big>''' ((IPA|[ŋ]|cat=no))]]<br/>ㄫ 雅 (<span style="color:#FF0000;">ng</span>á)
|
|-align=center
!rowspan=2|[[Stop consonant|Stop]]!![[Aspirated consonant|Unaspirated]]
|[[Voiceless bilabial stop|'''<big>ᄇ</big>''' ((IPA|[p]|cat=no))]]<br/>ㄅ 邊 (<span style="color:#FF0000;">p</span>ian)
|[[Voiced bilabial stop|'''<big>ᄈ</big>''' ((IPA|[b]|cat=no))]]<br/>ㆠ 文 (<span style="color:#FF0000;">b</span>ûn)
|[[Voiceless alveolar stop|'''<big>ᄃ</big>''' ((IPA|[t]|cat=no))]]<br/>ㄉ 地 (<span style="color:#FF0000;">t</span>ē)|| || ||
|[[Voiceless velar stop|'''<big>ᄀ</big>''' ((IPA|[k]|cat=no))]]<br/>ㄍ 求 (<span style="color:#FF0000;">k</span>iû)
|[[Voiced velar stop|'''<big>ᄁ</big>''' ((IPA|[ɡ]|cat=no))]]<br/>ㆣ 語 (<span style="color:#FF0000;">g</span>í)||
|-align=center
![[Aspirated consonant|Aspirated]]
|[[Voiceless bilabial stop|'''<big>ᄑ</big>''' ((IPA|[pʰ]|cat=no))]]<br/>ㄆ 波 (<span style="color:#FF0000;">ph</span>o)|| 
|[[Voiceless alveolar stop|'''<big>ᄐ</big>''' ((IPA|[tʰ]|cat=no))]]<br/>ㄊ 他 (<span style="color:#FF0000;">th</span>aⁿ)|| || ||
|[[Voiceless velar stop|'''<big>ᄏ</big>''' ((IPA|[kʰ]|cat=no))]]<br/>ㄎ 去 (<span style="color:#FF0000;">kh</span>ì)|| ||
|-align=center
!rowspan=2|[[Affricate consonant|Affricate]]!![[Aspirated consonant|Unaspirated]]
| || ||[[Voiceless alveolar affricate|'''<big>ᄌ</big>''' ((IPA|[ts]|cat=no))]]<br/>ㄗ 曾 <br/>(<span style="color:#FF0000;">ts</span>an/<span style="color:#FF0000;">ch</span>an)
|[[Voiced alveolar affricate|'''<big>ᄍ</big>''' ((IPA|[dz]|cat=no))]]<br/>ㆡ 熱 (<span style="color:#FF0000;">j</span>oa̍h)
|[[Voiceless alveolo-palatal affricate|'''<big>ᄌ</big>''' ((IPA|[tɕ]|cat=no))]]<br/>ㄐ 尖 <br/>(<span style="color:#FF0000;">tsi</span>am/<span style="color:#FF0000;">chi</span>am)
|[[Voiced alveolo-palatal affricate|'''<big>ᄍ</big>''' ((IPA|[dʑ]|cat=no))]]<br/>ㆢ 入 (<span style="color:#FF0000;">ji̍</span>p)|| || ||
|-align=center
![[Aspirated consonant|Aspirated]]
| || ||[[Voiceless alveolar affricate|'''<big>ᄎ</big>''' ((IPA|[tsʰ]|cat=no))]]<br/>ㄘ 出 <br/>(<span style="color:#FF0000;">tsh</span>ut/<span style="color:#FF0000;">chh</span>ut)||
|[[Voiceless alveolo-palatal affricate|'''<big>ᄎ</big>''' ((IPA|[tɕʰ]|cat=no))]]<br/>ㄑ 手 <br/>(<span style="color:#FF0000;">tshi</span>ú/<span style="color:#FF0000;">chhi</span>ú)|| || || ||
|-align=center
!colspan=2|[[Fricative consonant|Fricative]]
| || ||[[Voiceless alveolar fricative#Voiceless alveolar sibilant|'''<big>ㅅ</big>''' ((IPA|[s]|cat=no))]]<br/>ㄙ 衫 (<span style="color:#FF0000;">s</span>aⁿ)||
|[[Voiceless alveolo-palatal sibilant|'''<big>ㅅ</big>''' ((IPA|[ɕ]|cat=no))]]<br/>ㄒ 寫 (<span style="color:#FF0000;">si</span>á)|| || ||
|[[Voiceless glottal fricative|'''<big>ᄒ</big>''' ((IPA|[h]|cat=no))]]<br/>ㄏ 喜 (<span style="color:#FF0000;">h</span>í)
|-align=center
!colspan=2|[[Lateral consonant|Lateral]]
| || || ||[[Alveolar lateral approximant|'''<big>ᄅ</big>''' ((IPA|[l]|cat=no))]]<br/>ㄌ 柳 (<span style="color:#FF0000;">l</span>iú)|| || || || ||
|}

=== Vowels ===
{|
|valign=top|
{|class=wikitable
|+Monophthongs
!rowspan=2| !!colspan=2|[[Front vowel|Front]]!![[Central vowel|Central]]!!colspan=2|[[Back vowel|Back]]
|-align=center
!Simple!![[Nasal vowel|Nasal]]!!Simple!!Simple!![[Nasal vowel|Nasal]]
|-align=center
![[Close vowel|Close]]
|[[Close front unrounded vowel|'''<big>ᅵ</big>''' ((IPA|[i]|cat=no))]]<br/>ㄧ 衣 (<span style="color:#FF0000;">i</span>)
|[[Close front unrounded vowel|'''<big>잇</big>''' ((IPA|[ĩ]|cat=no))]]<br/>ㆪ 圓 (<span style="color:#FF0000;">îⁿ</span>)||
|[[Close back rounded vowel|'''<big>ᅮ</big>''' ((IPA|[u]|cat=no))]]<br/>ㄨ 污 (<span style="color:#FF0000;">u</span>)
|[[Close back rounded vowel|'''<big>웃</big>''' ((IPA|[ũ]|cat=no))]]<br/>ㆫ 張 (ti<span style="color:#FF0000;">uⁿ</span>)
|-align=center
![[Mid vowel|Mid]]
|[[Close-mid front unrounded vowel|'''<big>ᅦ</big>''' ((IPA|[e]|cat=no))]]<br/>ㆤ 禮 (l<span style="color:#FF0000;">é</span>)
|[[Close-mid front unrounded vowel|'''<big>엣</big>''' ((IPA|[ẽ]|cat=no))]]<br/>ㆥ  生 (s<span style="color:#FF0000;">eⁿ</span>)
|[[Mid central vowel|'''<big>ᅥ</big>''' ((IPA|[ə]|cat=no))]]<br/>ㄜ 高 (k<span style="color:#FF0000;">o</span>)
|[[Open-mid back rounded vowel|'''<big>ᅩ</big>''' ((IPA|[ɔ]|cat=no))]]<br/>ㆦ 烏 (<span style="color:#FF0000;">o͘ </span>)
|[[Open-mid back rounded vowel|'''<big>옷</big>''' ((IPA|[ɔ̃]|cat=no))]]<br/>ㆧ 翁 (<span style="color:#FF0000;">oⁿ</span>)
|-align=center
![[Open vowel|Open]]
|[[Open front unrounded vowel|'''<big>ᅡ</big>''' ((IPA|[a]|cat=no))]]<br/>ㄚ 查 (ch<span style="color:#FF0000;">a</span>)
|[[Open front unrounded vowel|'''<big>앗</big>''' ((IPA|[ã]|cat=no))]]<br/>ㆩ 衫 (s<span style="color:#FF0000;">aⁿ</span>)|| || ||
|}
|valign=top|
{|class=wikitable
|+Diphthongs & Triphthongs
|-align=center
!rowspan=2|Diphthongs
|'''<big>ᅢ</big>''' ((IPA|[aɪ]))<br/>ㄞ (<span style="color:#FF0000;">ai</span>)
|'''<big>알</big>''' ((IPA|[aʊ]))<br/>ㄠ (<span style="color:#FF0000;">au</span>)
|'''<big>ᅣ</big>''' ((IPA|[ɪa]))<br/>ㄧㄚ (<span style="color:#FF0000;">ia</span>)
|'''<big>ᅧ</big>''' ((IPA|[ɪo]))<br/>ㄧㄜ (<span style="color:#FF0000;">io</span>)
|-align=center
|'''<big>ᅲ</big>''' ((IPA|[iu]))<br/>ㄧㄨ (<span style="color:#FF0000;">iu</span>)
|'''<big>ᅪ</big>''' ((IPA|[ua]))<br/>ㄨㄚ (<span style="color:#FF0000;">oa</span>)
|'''<big>ᅰ</big>''' ((IPA|[ue]))<br/>ㄨㆤ (<span style="color:#FF0000;">oe</span>)
|'''<big>ᅱ</big>''' ((IPA|[ui]))<br/>ㄨㄧ (<span style="color:#FF0000;">ui</span>)
|-align=center
!Triphthongs
|colspan=2|'''<big>얄</big>''' ((IPA|[ɪaʊ]))<br/>ㄧㄠ (<span style="color:#FF0000;">iau</span>)
|colspan=2|'''<big>ᅫ</big>''' ((IPA|[uai]))<br/>ㄨㄞ (<span style="color:#FF0000;">oai</span>)
|}
|}

=== Coda endings ===
{|
|valign=top|
{|class=wikitable
! !![[Bilabial consonant|Bilabial]]!![[Alveolar consonant|Alveolar]]
![[Velar consonant|Velar]]!![[Glottal consonant|Glottal]]
|-align=center
![[Nasal consonant]]
|[[Bilabial nasal|'''<big>ᄆ</big>''' ((IPA|[m]|cat=no))]]<br/>ㆬ (<span style="color:#FF0000;">-m</span>)
|[[Alveolar nasal|'''<big>ᄂ</big>''' ((IPA|[n]|cat=no))]]<br/>ㄣ (<span style="color:#FF0000;">-n</span>)
|[[Velar nasal|'''<big>ㅇ</big>''' ((IPA|[ŋ]|cat=no))]]<br/>ㆭ (<span style="color:#FF0000;">-ng</span>)
|
|-align=center
![[Stop consonant]]
|'''<big>ᄇ</big>''' ((IPA|[p̚]))<br/>ㆴ (<span style="color:#FF0000;">-p</span>)
|'''<big>ᄃ</big>''' ((IPA|[t̚]))<br/>ㆵ (<span style="color:#FF0000;">-t</span>)
|'''<big>ᄀ</big>''' ((IPA|[k̚]))<br/>ㆶ (<span style="color:#FF0000;">-k</span>)
|[[Glottal stop|'''<big>ᄒ</big>''' ((IPA|[ʔ]|cat=no))]]<br/>ㆷ (<span style="color:#FF0000;">-h</span>)
|}

=== Tone markings ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center
|-
!((abbr|No.|Number))
![[Hangul]]
! Latin [[diacritics]]
!Chinese [[tone name]]
!Examples<br/>Hangul/Latin/[[Hanzi]] <small>(Listen 🔊)</small><br/>''meaning''
|-
|1
|[[ᄋ]]
|absent
|((linktext|lang=zh-hant|陰平)) (yinping)<br/>''dark level''
|카<sub><span style="color:red">ᄋ</span></sub>/((linktext|kha))/((linktext|跤)) <small>[https://itaigi.tw/k/%E8%85%B3/%E8%B7%A4/kha 🔊]</small><br/>''foot; leg'' 
|-
|2
|[[ᄅ]]
|[[Acute accent|◌́]]
|((linktext|lang=zh|上聲)) (((linktext|sióng-siaⁿ)))/((linktext|lang=zh-hant|陰上)) (yinshang)<br/>''rising'' / ''dark rising''
|쥐<sub><span style="color:red">ㄹ</span></sub>/((linktext|tsúi))/((linktext|lang=zh|水)) <small>[https://itaigi.tw/k/%E6%B0%B4/%E6%B0%B4/tsu%C3%AD 🔊]</small><br/>''water''
|-
|3
|[[ᄂ]]
|[[Grave accent|◌̀]]
|((linktext|lang=zh-hant|陰去)) (yinqu)<br/>''dark departing''
|갈<sub><span style="color:red">ㄴ</span></sub>/((linktext|kàu))/((linktext|lang=zh|到)) <small>[https://itaigi.tw/k/%E5%88%B0/%E5%88%B0/k%C3%A0u 🔊]</small><br/>''arrive''
|-
|4
|[[ᄋ]]
|absent
|((linktext|lang=zh-hant|陰入)) (yinru)<br/>''dark entering''
|빻<sub><span style="color:red">ㅇ</span></sub>/bah/((linktext|lang=zh|肉)) <small>[https://itaigi.tw/k/%E8%82%89/%E8%82%89/bah 🔊]</small><br/>''meat''
|-
|5
|[[ᄉ]]
|[[Circumflex|◌̂]]
|((linktext|lang=zh-hant|陽平)) (yangping)<br/>''light level''
|옹<sub><span style="color:red">ㅅ</span></sub>/((linktext|ông))/((linktext|lang=zh|王)) <small>[https://itaigi.tw/k/%E7%8E%8B/%E7%8E%8B/%C3%B4ng 🔊]</small><br/>''king''
|-
|(6)<br/><small>''appears only in [[Lukang, Changhua|Lukang]] dialect;<br/>merged to 7 in the prestige dialect</small>
|not devised
|[[Breve|◌̆]]
|((linktext|lang=zh-hant|陽上)) (yangshang)<br/>''light rising''
|[]/((linktext|huǎn)) <small>(''Lukang'')</small>/((linktext|lang=zh|犯)) <br/>''violate / commit (a crime)''
|-
|7
|[[ᄀ]]
|[[Macron (diacritic)|◌̄]]
|((linktext|lang=zh-hant|陽去)) (yangqu)<br/>''light departing''
|환<sub><span style="color:red">ㄱ</span></sub>/((linktext|huān)) <small>(''prestige'')</small>/((linktext|lang=zh|犯)) <small>[https://itaigi.tw/k/%E7%8A%AF/%E7%8A%AF/hu%C4%81n 🔊]</small><br/>''violate / commit (a crime)''
|-
|8
|[[ᄇ]]
| ̍ <br/>(overstroke/vertical line above)
|((linktext|lang=zh-hant|陽入)) (yangru)<br/>''light entering''
|쫳<sub><span style="color:red">ㅂ</span></sub>/((linktext|joa̍h))/((linktext|lang=zh-hant|熱)) <small>[https://itaigi.tw/k/%E7%86%B1/%E7%86%B1/jua%CC%8Dh 🔊]</small><br/>''hot''
|-
|[[Tone sandhi|Continuous tone sandhi]]
|[[ㅣ]]
|absent
|occurs when a character/syllable is<br/>before another one in a phrase.<br/>Rule of the prestige dialect:<br/>5→7, 7→3, 3→2, 2→1, 1→7;<br/>4→8, 8→4
|대<sub><span style="color:red">시</span></sub>끼<sub>ㄹ</sub>/((linktext|Tâi-gí))/((linktext|lang=zh-hant|臺語)) <small>[https://itaigi.tw/k/%E8%87%BA%E8%AA%9E/%E8%87%BA%E8%AA%9E/T%C3%A2i-g%C3%AD 🔊]</small><br/>''Taiwanese language''
|}

== Different use of Hangul between Taiwanese and Korean ==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!  !! [[Taiwanese Hokkien]] !! [[Korean language|Korean]] !! Note
|-
! ㅃ
| ((IPA|/b/)), a [[voiced consonant]]
| ((IPA|/p͈/)), a [[Korean_phonology#Consonants|tense consonant]]
|
|-
! ㄲ
| ((IPA|/g/)), a voiced consonant
| ((IPA|/k͈/)), a tense consonant
|
|-
! ㅉ
| ((IPA|/ʣ/)) or ((IPA|/ʥ/)), a voiced consonant
| ((IPA|/t͡ɕ͈/)), a tense consonant
|
|-
! ㄸ
| ((IPA|/ŋ/)), 
| ((IPA|/t͈/))
| as the [[Syllable#Onset|syllable onset]] such as 따
|-
! ㅎ
| ((IPA|/ʔ/)), a [[glottal stop]]
| ((IPA|/t̚/))
| as the [[Syllable#Coda|syllable coda]] such as 앟
|-
! ㅅ
| ((IPA|/ⁿ/)), [[Nasal vowel|vowel nasalization]]
| ((IPA|/t̚/))
| as the syllable coda such as 앗
|-
! ㅆ
| /ⁿʔ/, a combination of ㅅ and ㅎ
| ((IPA|/s͈/)) or ((IPA|/t̚/))
| as the syllable coda such as 았
|-
! ᅥ
| ((IPA|/o/)) or ((IPA|/ə/))
| ((IPA|/ʌ/))
|
|-
! ᅩ
| ((IPA|/ɔ/))
| ((IPA|/o/))
|
|-
! ㅐ
| ((IPA|/ai/))
| ((IPA|/ɛ/))
|
|-
! 알
| ((IPA|/au/))
| ((IPA|/aɭ/))
|
|-
! ㅡ
| silent
| ((IPA|/ɯ/))
|
|-
! ㅢ
| 읨((IPA|/m̩ʔ/)), 읭((IPA|/ŋ̍ʔ/))
| ((IPA|/ɰi/)), ((IPA|/i/)), ((IPA|/ɛ/))
|
|}

== Examples ==
=== ''[[Matthew 6:1]]'' ===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! colspan="2" style="width: 50%" | Taiwanese Hangul !! colspan="2" | [[Pe̍h-ōe-jī]]
|-
! Chinese characters
| 關係行善的教訓

恁著謹慎，毋通為著欲予儂看，故意蹛儂的面前顯示恁的善行；<br />恁若按呢做，恁就袂當對天父得著報賞。
!
| 
|-
! Chinese-Hangul<br />mixed writing
| 關係行善에教訓

린뎧謹慎，음탕為뎧뼇호儂看，故意돠儂에面前顯示린에善行；<br />린若안네做，린就뻬당뒤天父得뎧報賞。
! Chinese-Latin<br />mixed writing
| 關係行善ê教訓

Lín tio̍h謹慎，m̄-thang為tio̍h boeh hō͘儂看，故意toà儂ê面前顯示lín ê善行；<br/>Lín若án-ne做，lín就bē-tàng tùi天父得tio̍h報賞。
|-
! Hangul
| 관헤 형센 에 갈훈

린 뎧 긴신，음탕 위뎧 뼇 호 랑 쾃，고이 돠 랑 에 삔졍 헨시 린 에 센형；<br/>린 나 안네 저，린 쥬 뻬당 뒤 텐후 딛뎧 버슛。
! Romanization
| Koan-he Hêng-siān ê Kàu-hùn

Lín tio̍h kín-sīn, m̄-thang ūi-tio̍h boeh hō͘ lâng khoàⁿ, kò-ì toà lâng ê bīn-chêng hián-sī lín ê siān-hêng.<br/>Lín nā án-ne chò, lín chiū bē-tàng tùi Thian-hū tit-tio̍h pò-siúⁿ.
|}

== References ==
((reflist))

== External links ==
*[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1JLHxcEApKWTRpEBDL90lUWXc2Arh_H3v/view?usp=sharing Taiwanese Hangul]

((Chinese language))
((Min Chinese))
((Authority control))

[[Category:Hangul]]
[[Category:Written Hokkien]]
[[Category:Writing systems introduced in 1987]]

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Taiwanese Hangul (edit)
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