Yangzhou fried rice is a calque of the Chinese name written 揚州炒飯 in traditional characters or 扬州炒饭 in simplified ones, pronounced Yángzhōu chǎofàn in Mandarin or Joeng⁴ zau¹ caau² faan⁶ in Cantonese. Although it did not originate there, it is named for Yangzhou, an ancient city at the intersection of the Yangtze River and the Grand Canal in eastern China. "Yangzhou" is the pinyinromanization devised in the 1950s and very gradually introduced across the rest of the world. The dish is also frequently known as Yangchow fried rice from the same name's Postal Map form and as Yeung Chow fried rice from irregular romanization of its Cantonese pronunciation. Although the name properly approximates /jɑŋdʒoʊ/ in English, /jæŋtʃau/ is also common for the older spelling and /juŋ.tʃau/ for the Cantonese spelling.
The same dish is also known in the UK as "special fried rice" and in Australia and New Zealand as "combination fried rice". Less often, it is known in the United States as "house fried rice".
Ingredients
The difference between Yangzhou fried rice and ordinary fried rice is that Yangzhou style invariably includes a combination of proteins. Rather than using a single protein like shrimp or pork or chicken as the dominant ingredient in fried rice, Yangzhou uses a variety. Most commonly used is a combination of pork and shrimp; roasted or boiled chicken and duck are also found. Ordinarily, some of its staple items include:[1]
Vegetables such as Chinese broccoli (gai lan), carrots, peas, corn, and bamboo shoots
The peas may be a replacement or an addition for the green onions. Some recipes include Shaoxing wine. Some western Chinese restaurants also use soy sauce to flavor the rice, and add meat such as chicken.
History
Yangzhou fried rice was first popularized[where?] by the Qingofficial Yi Bingshou (t伊秉綬,s伊秉绶,Yī Bǐngshòu; 1754–1815), who had previously been the prefect of Yangzhou[2] and is also traditionally credited for Yi mein. Still, there have been attempts by people in Yangzhou to patent the dish.[citation needed]
In October 2015, as part of the 2,500th anniversary of the town of Yangzhou, an attempt was made in Yangzhou at beating the previous world record for fried rice set in 2014 by the Turkey culinary federation. The attempt, made by the World Association of Chinese Cuisine resulted in 4,192 kilograms (9,242 lb) of Yangzhou fried rice being produced by a team of 300 cooks.[3] The organizers initially planned to send the end product to five companies for consumption by their staff. However, about 150 kilograms (330 lb) of it ended up as pig swill, as it had been cooked for four hours and was felt unsuitable for human consumption. As per the organizers' intents, the rest was sent to local canteens.[4] However, due to a part of it being sent to feed animals, the world record attempt was disqualified, as a Guinness World Records spokesman said that it had become obvious that the dish was not fit for human consumption.[5]
