This is a list of playable nations in the grand strategy game Europa Universalis IV. The game follows a timeline in history from November 11, 1444 until January 3, 1821. Included in the historical countries listed below, are countries that can be formed or spawn after rebellions inside other nations. There are more than 700 former countries playable at the start of the game in 1444.^[1] Some countries require special DLC packs. Listed are the technology group, the nation name as it appears in the game, a map closest to the historical country, start and end dates of the real historical nation (in-game years may differ), the capital province as it appears in Europa Universalis IV and the names of the rulers and other people involved in the game. Strong nations at game start are listed in bold, approximate dates in italic.

Western

Technology group	Nation name	Map	Historical nation	Start	End	Capital	Names	Notes
Western	Aachen		Free Imperial City of Aachen	1306	1801	Aachen		[2][3][4]
	Alençon		Alençon	1000	1549	Alençon	Peter II • Jean I • Jean II • René • Charles IV	[2][5][6]
	Alsace		Alsace	1354	1679	Elsass	Wilhelm II • Konrad IV • Ruprecht I • Albrecht I • Wilhelm III • Erasmus I Johann IV • Johann Georg I • Karl I • Leopold I • Leopold Wilhelm I • Franz Egon I	[2][3][7]
	Anhalt		Principality of Anhalt	1218	1806	Anhalt	Sigismund I • Georg I • Ernst I • Johann II • Joachim Ernst • Johann Georg I • Johann Kasimir I • Johann Georg II • Leopold I • Leopold II Maximilian • Leopold III • Leopold IV	[2][3][8]
	Ansbach		Principality of Ansbach	1398	1806	Ansbach	Friedrich VI • Albrecht II Achilles • Friedrich VII • Georg I der Fromme • Georg Friedrich I • Joachim Ernst I • Friedrich II • Albrecht III • Johann Friedrich I • Christian Albrecht I • Georg Friedrich II • Wilhelm Friedrich I • Karl Wilhelm Freidrich I • Karl Alexander I	[2][3][9]
	Aquileia		Patria del Friuli	1077	1433	Friuli	Antonio I • Antonio II • Lodovico II	[2][3][10]
	Aragon		Crown of Aragon	1162	1716	Aragón	Martí I • Ferran I • Alfons V • Joan II • Ferran II	[2][5][11][12]
	Armagnac		County of Armagnac	601	1607	Armagnac	Bernard VII • Jean IV • Jean V • Charles I • Charles II • Marguerite I	[2][5][13]
	Athens		Duchy of Athens	1205	1458	Athens	Antonio I • Nerio II • Antonio II • Francesco I • Francesco II	[2][3][14]
	Augsburg		Prince-Bishopric of Augsburg	888	1803	Augsburg	Burkhard von Ellerbach • Eberhard II von Kirchberg • Friedrich von Grafeneck • Anselm von Nenningen • Peter von Schaumberg • Johann II von Werdenberg • Friedrich II. von Zollern • Heinrich IV. von Lichtenau • Christoph von Stadion • Otto Truchsess von Waldburg • Johann Eglof von Knöringen • Marquard II. vom Berg • Johann Otto von Gemmingen • Heinrich V. von Knöringen • Sigismund Franz • Johann Christoph • Alexander Sigmund • Johann Franz Schenk • Joseph Ignaz Philipp • Clemens Wenceslaus • Franz Friedrich	[2][3][15]
	Austria		Archduchy of Austria	1453	1806	Wien	Albrecht IV • Albrecht V • Friedrich III • Ladislaus Postumus • Maximilian I • Ferdinand I • Maximilian II • Rudolf II • Matthias I • Ferdinand II • Ferdinand III • Leopold I • Josef I • Karl II • Maria Theresia I • Josef II • Leopold II • Franz II	[2][3][16][17]
	Auvergne		County of Auvergne	592	1653	Auvergne	Jeanne II • Marie • Bertrand II • Bertrand III • Jean III • Anne I • Cathérine I	[2][5][18]
	Avignon		Avignon Papacy	1309	1377	Avignon	Benedictus XIII	[2][5][19]
	Baden		Margraviate of Baden	1112	1803	Baden	Bernhard I • Jakob I • Bernhard II • Karl I • Christoph I • Bernhard III • Philibert I • Philipp II • Eduard Fortunatus I • Ernst Friedrich I • Georg Friedrich I • Wilhelm I • Ludwig Wilhelm I • Ludwig Georg I • August Georg I • Karl Friedrich I • Karl Ludwig Friedrich • Ludwig I	[2][3][20][21]
	Bar		Duchy of Bar	1033	1766	Barrois	Robert I • Edward III • Louis I • Yolande	[2][5][22]
	Bavaria		Duchy of Bavaria	555	1623	München	Ernst I • Albrecht III • Johann IV • Siegmund I • Albrecht IV der Weise • Wilhelm IV • Albrecht V • Wilhelm V • Maximilian I • Ferdinand Maria I • Maximilian II Emanuel • Karl Albrecht I • Maximilian III Joseph • Karl Theodor I • Maximilian IV Joseph	[2][3][23][24]
	Berry		Duchy of Berry	1360	1820	Berry	Jean I	[2][5][25]
	Bohemia		Kingdom of Bohemia	1198	1918	Prague	Václav IV • Jirí • Vladislav II • Ludvik I • Ferdinand I • Maximilian II • Rudolf II • Matthias	[2][3][26][27]
	Bourbonnais		Duchy of Bourbon	1327	1830	Bourbon	Louis II • Jean I • Charles I • Charles II • Pierre II • Suzanne I • Charles III • Charles IV • Antoine I • Henri I • César • Louis II • Louis Joseph	[2][5][28]
	Brabant		Duchy of Brabant	1430	1795	Brabant	Jeanne • Antoine • John IV • Philip I	[2][5][29]
	Brandenburg		Margraviate of Brandenburg	1157	1806	Brandenburg	Siegmund I • Jobst I • Friedrich I • Friedrich II • Albrecht III Achilles • Johann Cicero I • Joachim I Nestor • Joachim II Hektor • Johann Georg I • Joachim Friedrich I • Johann Sigismund I • Georg Wilhelm I • Friedrich Wilhelm I • Friedrich III	[2][3][30][31]
	Bremen		Duchy of Bremen	1648	1807	Bremen		[2][3][32][33]
	Brittany		Duchy of Brittany	939	1547	Nantes	Jean V • Jean VI • François I • Pierre II • Artur III • François II • Anne I • Claude I • François III	[2][5][34][35]
	Brunswick		Principality of Brunswick	1269	1815	Brunswick	Heinrich der Milde • Heinrich IV • Wilhelm I • Wilhelm II • Heinrich der Ältere • Heinrich der Jüngere • Julius I • Heinrich Julius I • Friedrich Ulrich I • August II • Rudolf August I • Anton Ulrich I • August Wilhelm I • Ludwig Rudolf I • Ferdinand Albrecht I • Karl I • Karl II Wilhelm Ferdinand	[2][3][36]
	Burgundy		Duchy of Burgundy	1032	1477	Bourgogne	Philippe II • Jean II • Philippe III • Charles I • Marie I • Philippe IV • Charles II	[2][5][37][38]
	Castile		Crown of Castile	1230	1516	Toledo	Enrique III • Juan II • Enrique IV • Isabel I • Juana I • Felipe I • Fernando V	[2][5][39]
	Catalonia		Principality of Catalonia	1162	1714	Barcelona		[2][5][5][40]
	Champagne		County of Champagne			Champagne		[2][5]
	Clanricarde		Clanricarde	1335	1544	Connaught	Ulick Ruadh • Ulick Fionn • Richard Óge • John mac Richard Mór • Richard Bacach • Ulick na gCeann • Richard • Ulick • Richard • Ulick • Richard • William • Richard • John • Michael • John Smith • Henry • John • Ulick	[2][5]
	Cleves		Duchy of Cleves	1092	1795	Kleves	Adolf • Johann I • Johann II • Johann III • Wilhelm der Reiche • Johann Wilhelm	[2][3]
	Cologne		Electorate of Cologne	953	1803	Cologne	Friedrich III • Dietrich II von Mörs • Ruprecht I • Hermann IV von Hessen • Phillip II • Hermann V • Adolf III • Anton I • Gebhard I • Friedrich IV • Salentin I • Gebhard II • Ernst I • Ferdinand I • Maximilan Heinrich I • Joseph Clemens I • Clemens August I • Maximilian Friedrich I • Maximilian Franz I • Anton Viktor I • Joachim I • Ludwig I	[2][3][41]
	Cornwall		Duchy of Cornwall	1335		Cornwall		[2][5]
	Corsica		Corsican Republic	1755	1769	Corsica	Tiadoru I • Clemente Paoli • Pasquale Paoli	[2][3]
	Cyprus		Kingdom of Cyprus	1192	1489	Cyprus	Janus • Jean II • Charlotte • Jacques II • Jacques III • Catarina	[2][42][43]
	Danzig		Free City of Danzig (Napoleonic)	1807	1814	Danzig	Franz Joseph I	[2][42][44]
	Dauphine		Province of the Dauphiné	1349	1790	Dauphiné		[2][5]
	Denmark		Kalmar Union Denmark–Norway	1397	1814	Sjælland	Eric VII • Christopher III • Christian I • Hans I • Frederik I • Christian III • Frederik II • Christian IV • Frederik III • Christian V • Frederik IV • Christian VI • Frederik V • Christian VII • Frederik VI	[2][3][45]
	Desmond		Earldom of Desmond	1118	1596	Cork	James • Thomas • James • Maurice • James • Thomas • James • James	[2][5][46]
	Dithmarschen		Dithmarschen	1499	1559	Dithmarschen	Wulf Isebrand • Henning Swyn	[2][47]
	East Frisia		County of East Frisia	1464	1744	East Frisia	Ocko I • Keno II • Ocko II • Focko • Enno Edzardisna • Ulrich I • Edzard I • Enno II • Edzard II • Enno III • Rudolf Christian • Ulrich II • Enno Louis • George Christian • Christian Everhard • George Albert • Charles Edzard	[2][3]
	England		Kingdom of England	1066	1707	London	Henry VI • Edward IV • Edward V • Richard III • Henry VII • Henry VIII • Edward VI • Jane I • Mary I • Elizabeth I • James I • Charles I • Oliver • Richard • Convention Parliament (regent) • Charles II • James II • William III • Anne I	[2][5][48]
	Etruria		Kingdom of Etruria	1801	1807	Firenze	Lodovico I • Lodovico II	[2][3]
	Estonia		Governorate of Estonia	1721	1917	Reval		[2][42]
	Ferrara		Duchy of Ferrara	1450	1597	Ferrara	Niccolò III • Leonello I • Borso I • Ercole I • Alfonso I • Ercole II • Alfonso II	[2][3]
	Finland		Kingdom of Finland	March 1742	July 1742	Nyland		[2][3][49]
	Flanders		County of Flanders	918	1795	Ghent		[2][5]
	Florence		Republic of Florence Duchy of Florence	1115	1569	Firenze	Giovanni I • Cosimo • Piero il Gottoso • Lorenzo il Magnifico • Piero il Fatuo • Girolamo Savonarola • Piero Soderini • Giuliano • Lorenzo • Giulio • Alessandro • Cosimo I	[2][3][50]
	Foix		County of Foix	1290	1607	Béarn	Isabelle • Jean I • Gaston IV • François I Phébus	[2][5]
	France		Kingdom of France	987	1791	Île de France	Charles VI • Charles VII • Louis XI • Charles VIII • Louis XII • François I • Henri II • François II • Charles IX • Henri III • Henri IV • Louis XIII • Louis XIV • Louis XV • Louis XVI • Napoléon I • Louis XVIII	[2][5][51]
	Frankfurt		Free City of Frankfurt	1372	1806	Frankfurt	Karl Theodor Anton Maria	[2][3]
	Friesland		Lordship of Frisia	1524	1795	Friesland	Fryske frijheid	[2][5]
	Gaeldom		Gaeldom			Inverness		[2][5]
	Galicia		Kingdom of Galicia	409	1833	Galicia		[2][5][52]
	Gascony		Guyenne	1259	1792	Gascogne		[2][5]
	Gelre		Guelders	1096	1795	Gelre	Willem • Reinoud IV • Arnold I • Adolf I • Maria I • Karel II • Willem III de Rijke	[2][5]
	Genoa		Republic of Genoa	1005	1797	Genoa	Antonio Adorno • Giorgio Adorno • Tommaso di Campofregoso • Isnardo Guarco • Tommaso di Campofregoso • Raffaele Adorno • Lodovico de Campofregoso • Pietro de Campofregoso • Lodovico de Campofregoso • Prospero Adorno • Battista de Campofregoso • Giano de Campofregoso • Gian Galeazzo • Philippe de Ravenstein • Paolo da Nova • Rodolphe de Lannoy • Giano Maria Fregoso • Ottariano di Campofregosi • Oberto Cattaneo • Battista Spinola • Battista Lomellino • Cristoforo Grimaldi • Giovanni Doria • Andrea Giustiniani • Leonardo Catteneo • Andrea Centurione • Giovanni Fornari • Benedetto Gentile • Gaspari Grimaldi • Luca Spinola • Giacomo Promontorio • Agostino Pinelli • Pietro Chiavica • Gerlamo Vivaldi • Battista Cicala • Givanni Lercari • Ottavio Odorico • Simone Spinola • Paolo Giustiniani • Gianotto Lomellini • Giacomo Durazzo • Prospero Centurione • Giovanni Gentile • Nicolo Doria • Gerolamo de Franchi • Gerolama Chiavari • Ambrogio di Negro • Davide Vacca • Battista Negrone • Giovanni Giustiniani • Antonio Grimaldi • Matteo Senarega • Lazzaro Grimaldi • Lorenzo Sauli • Agostino Doria • Pietro de Franchi • Luca Grimaldi • Gerolamo Assereto • Agostino Pinello • Alessandro Giustiniani • Tomaso Spinola • Bernardo Clavarezza • Giovanni Imperiale • Pietro Durazzo • Giorgio Centurione • Frederico di Franchi • Giacomo Lomellino • Giovanni Chiavari • Andrea Spinola • Leonardo della Torre • Giovanni Doria • Giovanni Brignole • Agostino Pallavicini • Giovanni Durazzo • Agostino de Marini • Giovanni Lercari • Luca Giustiniani • Giovanni Battista • Giacomo de Franchi • Agostino Centurione • Gerolamo de Franchi • Allesandro Spinola • Giulio Sauli • Giovanni Centurione • Gian Frugoni • Antoniotto Invrea • Stefano de Mari • Cesare Durazzo • Cesaro Gentile • Francesco Garbarino • Allesandro Grimaldi • Agostino Saluzzo • Antonio da Passano • Giannettino Odone • Agostino Spinola • Luca Invrea • Francesco Imperiale • Pietro Durazzo • Luca Spinola • Oberto Della Torre • Giovanni Cattaneo • Francesco Invrea • Bendinelli Negrone • Francesco Sauli • Gerolamo de Mari • Federico de Franchi • Antonio Grimaldi • Stefano Ferreti • Domenico de Mari • Vincenzo Durazzo • Francesco Imperiale • Giovanni Giustiniani • Lorenzo Centurione • Benedetto Viale • Ambrogio Imperiale • Cesare de Franchi • Doemico Negrone • Gerolamo Veneroso • Luca Grimaldi • Francesco Balbi • Domenico Spinola • Gianstefano Durazzo • Nicolo Cattaneo • Constantino Balbi • Nicolo Spinola • Dominco Canevaro • Lorenzo de Mari • Giovanni Brignole • Cesare Cattaneo • Agostino Viale • Giovanni Grimaldi • Gian Veneroso • Gian Grimaldi • Matteo Franzoni • Agostino Lomellino • Rodolfo Brignole • Maria Rovere • Marcello Durazzo • Giovanni Negrone • Giovanni Battista Cambiaso • Pier Franco Grimaldi • Brizio Giustiniani • Giuseppe Lomellini • Giacomo Maria Brignole • Marco Gentile • Giovanni Ayroli • Gian Pallavicini • Raffaele de Ferrari • Alerame Pallavicini • Michelangelo Cambiaso • Giuseppe Maria Doria • Giacomo Maria Brignole • Girolamo Durazzo • Girolamo Serra	[2][3][53]
	Germany		German Confederation	1815	1848	Berlin		[2][3][54]
	Gotland		Gotland			Gotland		[2][3][55]
	Great Britain		Kingdom of Great Britain	1707	1801	London	Anne I • George I • George II • George III • George IV	[2][5][56]
	Hainaut		County of Hainaut	900	1797	Hainaut	Albert • William VI • Jacquette	[2][5]
	Hamburg		Free Imperial City of Hamburg	894	1806	Hamburg		[2][3][57]
	Hannover		Electorate of Hanover	1692	1807	Hannover	Georg • Christian Ludwig • Georg II Wilhelm • Johann Friedrich • Ernst August • Georg I Ludwig	[2][3][58]
	Hesse		Landgraviate of Hesse	1264	1567	Hessen	Hermann II • Ludwig I • Ludwig II • Wilhelm I • Wilhelm II • Philipp I • Wilhelm IV • Moritz • Wilhelm V • Wilhelm VI • Wilhem VII • Karl • Wilhem VIII • Friedrich II • Wilhelm IX	[2][3][59]
	Holland		County of Holland	1091	1581	Holland	Albert • Willem VI • Jacoba	[2][5][60]
Holstein		Duchy of Holstein	1474	1864	Holstein	Gerhard VI • Heinrich IV • Adolf VIII • Adolf IX • Friedrich II • Philipp • Johann Adolf • Friedrich III • Christian Albrecht • Friedrich IV • Karl Friedrich • Karl Peter Ulrich	[2][3][61]
Holy Roman Empire		Holy Roman Empire	800	1806	Brandenburg		[2][3][62]
Iceland		Iceland	none	none	Reykyavik		[2][5][63]
Ireland		Kingdom of Ireland	1542	1800	Meath	Aedh XIV	[2][5][64]
Italy		Kingdom of Italy	800	1806	Roma	Napoleone I	[2][3][65]
Jan Mayen		Jan Mayen	none	none	random		[66][note 1]
Kildare		County of Kildare	1297	1800	Kildare	Thomas • Gerald • Thomas • Gerald • Henry	[2][5]
Kurland		Duchy of Courland	1561	1795	Mitau	Gotthard • Friedrich • Jakob • Friedrich Kasimir • Friedrich Wilhelm • Anna Ivanova • Ferdinand • Karl Christian Joseph • Ernst Johann • Peter	[2][42][67]
Leinster		Kingdom of Leinster	-634	1603	Leinster	Art • Donnchad • Murchad IV • Art III • Gearóid I • Muiris I • Muireadhach II • Cathaoir II • Murchadh V • Criomhthann I • Donal IX	[2][5]
Liege		Prince-Bishopric of Liège	980	1789	Liege	Jean VI • Jean VII • Jean VIII • Louis I de Bourbon • Jean IX • Érard I • Corneille I • Georges I • Robert II • Gérard I • Ernest I • Ferdinand I • Maximilien-Henri I • Jean-Louis I • Joseph-Clément I • Georges-Louis I • Jean-Théodore I • Charles-Nicolas I • François-Charles I • César-Constantin I	[2][5]
León		León			León		[2][5][68]
Livonian Order		Livonian Order	1237	1561	Livland	Wennemar Hasenkamp • Konrad von Vietinghof • Diderick Tork • Siegfried Lander • Zisse von Rutenberg • Franco Kerskorff • Heinrich von Bockenforde • Heinrich Vincke • Johann Osthoff • Johann Wolthuss • Bernd von der Borch • Johann Fridach • Wolter von Plettenberg • Hermann Hasenkamp • Johann von der Recke • Heinrich von Galen • Johann Wilhelm • Gotthard Kettler	[2][42][69]
Lorraine		Duchy of Lorraine	959	1766	Lothringen	Charles II • Jean II • Nicolas I • René II • Antoine I • François I • Charles III • Henri I • François II • Charles IV • Nicolas II • Charles V Léopold • Léopold I Joseph • François III Éttiene • Stanislas I	[2][5]
Lucca		Republic of Lucca Principality of Lucca and Piombino	1160	1805	Lucca	Maria Luisa	[2][3][70]
Luxembourg		Duchy of Luxemburg	1353	1581	Luxembourg	Jobst I • Elisabeth I	[2][5][71]
Lübeck		Free City of Lübeck	1226	1811	Lübeck		[2][3][72]
Lüneburg		Principality of Lüneburg	1269	1705	Lüneburg	Bernhard I • Otto I • Friedrich der Fromme • Bernhard II • Otto II • Heinrich VII • Ernst I • Ernst II • Christian • August • Friedrich IV • Christian Ludwig • Georg II Wilhelm	[2][3]
Magdeburg		Archbishopric of Magdeburg Duchy of Magdeburg	1180	1807	Magdeburg	Albrecht III • Gunther II • Friedrich III • Johann I • Ernst I • Albrecht IV • Johann Albrecht I • Friedrich III • Sigismund I • Joachim Friedrich I • Christian Wilhelm I • August I	[2][3]
Mainz		Electorate of Mainz	780	1803	Mainz	Johann II • Konrad III • Dietrich I • Dieter I • Adolf III • Albrecht II • Berthold I • Jakob I • Uriel I • Albrecht III • Sebastian I • Daniel Brendel I • Wolfgang I • Johann Adam I • Johann Schweikhard I • Georg Friedrich I • Anselm Kasimir I • Johann Philipp I • Lothar Friedrich I • Damian Hartrad I • Karl Heinrich I • Anselm Franz I • Lothar Franz I • Franz Ludwig I • Philipp Karl I • Johann Friedrich I • Emmerich Josef I • Friedrich Karl I • Karl Theodor I	[2][3][73]
Malta		Malta			Malta		[2][3]
Mann		Mann	1765		Mann		[2][5][74]
Mantua		Duchy of Mantua	1530	1708	Mantua	Francesco I • Gianfrancesco I • Lodovico III il Turco • Federico I • Francesco II • Federico II • Francesco III • Guglielmo • Vincenzo I • Francesco IV • Ferdinando • Vincenzo II • Carlo I • Carlo II • Ferdinando Carlo	[2][3]
Meath		County of Meath			Meath		[2][5]
Mecklenburg		Duchy of Mecklenburg	1621	1933	Mecklenburg	Albert III • Johann IV • Heinrich IV • Magnus II • Heinrich V • Johann Albrecht I • Johann VII • Adolf Friedrich I • Albrecht Wenzel • Christian Ludwig I • Friedrich Wilhelm I • Karl Leopold • Christian Ludwig II • Friedrich der Fromme • Friedrich Franz I	[2][3]
Meissen		Margravate of Meissen	965	1423		Wilhelm I • Friedrich IV	[2]
Memmingen		Free Imperial City of Memmingen	1268	1803	Memmingen		[2][3]
Milan		Duchy of Milan	1395	1796	Milan	Gian Galeazzo I • Giovanni Maria I • Filippo Maria I • Francesco I • Galeazzo Maria I • Giovanni Galeazzo II • Ludovico I il Moro • Massimiliano I • Francesco II Maria	[2][3][75]
Modena		Duchy of Modena and Reggio	1452	1796	Modena	Cesare • Alfonso III • Francesco I • Alfonso IV • Francesco II • Rinaldo III • Francesco III • Ercole III • Francesco IV	[2][3]
Montferrat		Duchy of Montferrat	1574	1708	Montferrat	Teodoro • Giovanni II • Ottone III • Giovanni III • Teodoro II • Gian Giacomo • Giovanni IV • Guglielmo VIII • Bonifacio III • Guglielmo IX • Bonifacio IV • Giangiorgio • Margherita • Francesco III • Guglielmo • Vincenzo I • Francesco IV • Ferdinando • Vincenzo II • Carlo I • Carlo II • Ferdinando Carlo	[2][3][76]
Münster		Prince-Bishopric of Münster	1180	1802	Münster	Otto IV • Heinrich II • Walram I • Johann I • Heinrich III • Konrad I • Erich I • Friedrich II • Franz I • Wilhelm I • Bernhard I • Johann II • Johann Wilhelm • Ernst I • Ferdinand I • Cristoph Bernhard • Ferdinand II • Maximilian Heinrich • Friedrich Christian • Franz Arnold Wolff • Klemens August • Maximilian Friedrich • Maximilian Franz	[2][3][77]
Naples		Kingdom of Naples	1282	1799	Naples	Louis II • Ladislao I • Giovanna II • Renato I • Ferdinand I • Alfonso II • Ferdinando II • Federigo IV • Vittorio Amedeo I • Carlo VII • Ferrante IV • Giuseppe I • Gioacchino I Murat	[2][3][78]
Nassau		County of Nassau	1125	1806	Nassau	Philipp II • Ludwig I • Philipp III • Albert • Philipp IV • Ludwig II • Wilhelm Ludwig • Ernst Casimir • Friedrich • Johann Ernst • Karl August • Karl Christian • Friedrich Wilhelm • Wilhelm	[2][3]
Navarra		Kingdom of Navarre	824	1841	Navarra	Carlos III • Juan II • Leonor I • Francisco I Febo • Catalina I • Enrique II • Juana III • Enrique III	[2][5][79]
Netherlands		Dutch Empire	1384		Holland	Willem I • Staten-Generaal (regent) • Maurits I • Frederik Hendrik I • Willem II • Willem III • Willem IV • Willem V • Bataafse Republiek • Rutger Jan • Lodewijk I • Lodewijk II • Willem I	[2][5][80]
Nevers		County of Nevers	965	1798	Nevers	John I • Philip II • Charles I • Jean II • Engelbert I • Charles II • François I	[2][5][81]
Normandy		Duchy of Normandy	911	1789	Normandie	Charles I	[2][5]
Northumberland		Earldom of Northumberland			Northumberland		[2][5][82]
Norway		Kingdom of Norway			Akershus	Christian Frederik	[2][3][83]
Nuremberg		Free Imperial City of Nuremberg	1219	1806	Nuremberg		[2][3]
Oldenburg		County of Oldenburg	1091	1774	Oldenburg	Christian VI • Dietrich • Christian VI • Gerhard der Mutige • Adolf • Johann V • Johann VI • Anton I • Johann VII • Anton Günther I • Paul I von Rußland • Friedrich August I • Wilhelm I	[2][3]
Orleans		Duchy of Orléans	1344	1926	Orleanais	Louis I • Charles I • Louis II • Charles II • Louis III • Charles III • Henri Alexandre I	[2][5][84]
The Palatinate		Electoral Palatinate	1085	1803	Heidelberg	Rupert III • Ludwig III • Ludwig IV • Friedrich I • Philipp der Edelmütige • Ludwig V • Friedrich II der Weise • Otto Heinrich • Friedrich III der Fromme • Ludwig VI • Friedrich IV • Friedrich V • Karl I Ludwig • Karl II • Philipp Wilhelm • Johann Wilhelm • Karl III Philipp • Karl IV Theodor	[2][3][85]
The Papal State		Papal States	754	1870	Roma	Bonifatius IX • Innocentius VII • Gregorius XII • Martinus V • Eugenius IV • Nicholaus V • Callistus III • Pius II • Paulus II • Xystus IV • Innocentius VIII • Alexander VI • Pius III • Iulius II • Leo X • Hadrianus VI • Clemens VII • Paulus III • Iulius III • Marcellus II • Paulus IV • Pius IV • Pius V • Gregorius XIII • Xystus V • Urbanus VII • Gregorius XIV • Innocentius IX • Clemens VIII • Leo XI • Paulus V • Gregorius XV • Urbanus VIII • Innocentius X • Alexander VII • Clemens IX • Clemens X • Innocentius XI • Alexander VIII • Innocentius XII • Clemens XI • Innocentius XIII • Benedictus XIII • Clemens XII • Benedictus XIV • Clemens XIII • Clemens XIV • Pius VI • Pius VII	[2][3][86]
Parma		Duchy of Parma	1545	1802	Parma	Pier Luigi • Ottavio • Alessandro • Ranuccio I • Odoardo I • Ranuccio II • Francesco Maria • Antonio • Carlo I • Filippo I • Ferdinando I • Maria Luigia	[2][3]
Picardy		Province of Picardy			Picardie		[2][5]
Pisa		Republic of Pisa	1005	1406	Pisa	Simone Orlandi	[2][3]
Pomerania		Duchy of Pomerania	1121	1637	Stettin	Barnim VI • Wartislaw IX • Ota III • Eryk II • Boguslaw X • Barnim XI • Johann Friedrich • Barnim XII • Boguslaw XIII • Filip II • Franciszek I • Boguslaw XIV	[2][3][87]
Portugal		Kingdom of Portugal	1139	1910	Lisboa	João I • Duarte • Infante Pedro (regent) • Afonso V • João II • Manuel I • João III • Sebastião I • Henrique I o Cardeal-Rei • António I • João IV • Afonso VI • Pedro II • João V • José I • Maria I • João VI	[2][5][88]
Provence		County of Provence	879	1481	Provence	Louis II • Louis III • René I • Charles III	[2][5][89]
Prussia		Prussia	1525	1947	Königsberg	Albrecht • Albrecht Friedrich • Johann Sigismund • Georg Wilhelm • Friedrich Wilhelm • Friedrich I • Friedrich Wilhelm I • Friedrich II der Große • Friedrich Wilhelm II • Friedrich Wilhelm III	[2][42][90]
Ravensburg		County of Ravensberg	1140	1807	Oberschwaben		[2][3]
Riga		Archbishopric of Riga	1186	1561	Riga	Johann V • Johann VI • Henning Scharffenberg • Silvester Stodwescher • Stephan Grube • Michael Hildebrand • Jasper Linde • Johann IV Blankenfelde • Thomas Schöning • Wilhelm von Brandenburg	[2][42][91]
Roman Empire		Eastern Roman Empire	330	1453	Roma		[2][3][92]
Salzburg		Archbishopric of Salzburg	1328	1803	Salzburg	Gregor Schenk • Eberhard III • Eberhard IV • Johann II • Friedrich IV • Siegmund I von Reisperg • Burkhard von Weisspriach • Bernhard II von Rohr • Johann III von Gran • Friedrich von Schaumburg • Siegmund II von Holneck • Leonhard von Keutschach • Matthaus von Wellenburg • Ernst von Bayern • Michael von Khuenburg • Johann Jakob von Kuon • Georg von Khuenburg • Wolfgang von Rattenau • Mark Sittich von Altemps • Paris von Lodron • Guidobald von Thun • Maximilian von Khuenburg • Johann Ernst von Thun • Franz Anton von Harrach • Leopold Anton von Firman • Jakob von Liechtenstein • Andreas von Dietrichstein • Siegmund III Christof • Hieronymus von Colloredo • Ferdinand von Österreich	[2][3]
Sardinia		Kingdom of Sardinia	1324	1861	Sassari	Mariano V • Guglielmo I	[2][3]
Sardinia-Piedmont		Kingdom of Sardinia (1700–1720)	1700	1720	Piedmont	Vittorio Amedeo II • Carlo Emanuele III • Vittorio Amedeo III • Carlo Emanuele IV • Vittorio Emanuele I	[2][3][93]
Savoy		Duchy of Savoy	1416	1792	Savoie	Amedeo VIII • Ludovico I • Amedeo IX • Filiberto I • Carlo I • Carlo II • Filippo II • Filiberto II • Carlo III • Emanuele Filiberto I • Carlo Emanuele I • Vittorio Amedeo I • Francesco Giacinto • Carlo Emanuele II • Vittorio Amedeo II	[2][3][94]
Saxe-Lauenburg		Saxe-Lauenburg	1296	1803	Lauenburg	Erich IV • Erich V • Bernhard II • Johann V • Magnus I • Franz I • Franz II • August • Julius Heinrich • Francis Erdmann • Julius Franz	[2][3]
Saxony		Electorate of Saxony	1356	1806	Leipzig	Rudolf III • Albrecht III • Friedrich I • Friedrich II • Albrecht I der Beherzte • Georg der Bärtige • Heinrich der Fromme • Moritz I • August • Christian I • Christian II • Johann Georg I • Johann Georg II • Johann Georg III • Johann Georg IV • Friedrich August I • Friedrich August II • Friedrich Christian • Friedrich August III	[2][3][95]
Scandinavia		Scandinavia			Stockholm		[2][3][96]
Scotland		Kingdom of Scotland	843	1707	Lothian	Robert III • James I • James II • James III • James IV • James V • Mary I • James VI • Charles I • Alexander • Charles II • James VII • William III • James VIII • Anne	[2][5][97]
Sicily		Kingdom of Sicily	1130	1816	Syracuse	Maria I • Vittorio Amedeo II • Ferrante IV	[2][3]
Siena		Republic of Siena	1167	1555	Siena	John Galeazzo • John Maria • Pandolfo Petrucci • Cesare Borgia • Pandolfo Petrucci • Borghese Petrucci • Raffaele Petrucci • Francesco Petrucci • Fabio Petrucci	[2][3][98]
Silesia		Duchies of Silesia	1335	1742	Ratibor	Henryk IX • Ruprecht II • Ludwik III • Fryderyk I • Jan II • Fryderyk II • Fryderyk III • Henryk XI • Fryderyk IV • Joachim Fryderyk I • Jan Krystian I • Jerzy III • Krystian I • Jerzy Wilhelm I	[2][42][99]
Sligo		County of Sligo			Sligo	Toirdhealbhach • Maghnus • Tadhg • Domhnall • Ruaidhrà • Feidhlimidh • Tadhg • Domnhnall • An Calbhach • Donnchadh	[2][5][100]
Spain		Spanish Empire	1492	1975	Madrid	Carlos I • Carlos V • Felipe II • Felipe III • Felipe IV • Carlos II • Felipe V • Luis I • Felipe V • Fernando VI • Carlos III • Carlos IV • Fernando VII • José I • Fernando VII	[2][5][101]
Styria		Duchy of Styria	1180	1918	Graz	Wilhelm I • Ernst I • Friedrich III	[2][3]
Sweden		Swedish Empire	1611	1721	Stockholm	Karl VIII • Jöns Bengtsson • Ture Turesson • Karl VIII • Kettil Karlsson • Jöns Bengtsson • Erik Axelsson • Karl VIII • Sten Gustavsson • Arvid • Svante Nilsson • Sten Svantesson • Gustav • Gustav I • Erik XIV • Johan III • Sigismund • Karl IX • Gustav II Adolf • Kristina • Karl X Gustav • Karl XI • Karl XII • Ulrika Eleonora • Fredrik I • Adolf Fredrik • Gustav III • Gustav IV Adolf • Karl XIII • Karl XIV Johan	[2][3][102]
Switzerland		Old Swiss Confederacy	1300	1798	Bern		[2][3][103]
Teutonic Order		State of the Teutonic Order	1230	1525	Königsberg	Konrad von Jungingen • Ulrich von Jungingen • Heinrich von Plauen • Michael Küchmeister • Paul von Rusdorf • Konrad von Erlichshausen • Ludwig von Erlichschausen • Heinrich Reuss von Plauen • Heinrich Reffle von Richtenberg • Martin von Wetzhausen • Johann von Tiefen • Friedrich von Sachsen • Albrecht von Hohenzollern	[2][42][104]
Tirol		County of Tyrol	1140	1919	Tirol	Wilhelm I • Friedrich IV • Sigismund I • Friedrich V • Maximilian I • Karl I • Ferdinand I • Ferdinand II • Rudolf • Maximilian II • Leopold V • Claudia de Medici (regent) • Ferdinand Charles • Sigismund Francis	[2][3]
The Knights		Knights Hospitaller	1099		Malta	Philibert de Naillac • Anton Flavian de Ripa • Jean Bonpar de Lastic • Jacques de Milly • Piero Raimondo Zacosta • Giovanni Battista Orsini • Pierre d'Aubusson • Emery d'Amboise • Guy de Blanchefort • Fabrizio Di Caretto • Philippe de L'Isle Adam • Piero del Ponte • Didier de Sainte-Jaille • Jean de Homedes • Claude de La Sangle • Jean de La Valette • Pietro del Monte • Jean de la Cassière • Hughes de Verdalle • Martin Garzès • Alof de Wignacourt • Luis Mendes de Vasconcellos • Antoine de Paule • Jean Lascaris Castellar • Martin de Redin • Annett de Clermont-Gessan • Raphael Cotoner Olesa • Nicolas Cotoner • Gregorio Carafa • Adrien de Wignacourt • Ramon Perellos y Rocaful • Marc'Antonio Zondadori • Antonio Manoel de Vilhena • Ramon Despuig • Manuel Pinto de Fonseca • Francisco Ximenes de Texada • Emmanuel de Rohan-Polduc • Ferdinand von Hampesch	[2][3][105]
Thomond		Thomond	1118	1543	Limerick	Turlough III • Conchobhar III • Tadhg III • Mathghamhain Dall • Turlough IV • Tadhg IV • Donnchad VIII • Conchobhar IV • Turlough V • Turlough VI • Conchobhar V • Muireadhach II	[2][5][106]
Thuringia		Duchy of Thuringia	632	1440	Thüringen	Balthasar I • Friedrich IV • Friedrich V • Wilhelm III • Ernst I • Friedrich III • Johann I • Johann Friedrich I • Johann Wilhelm I • August of Saxony's Regency (regent) • Friedrich Wilhelm I • Johann III • Johann Ernst I • Wilhelm IV • Johann Ernst II • Wilhelm Ernst • Ernst August I • Ernst August II • Anna Amalia's Regency (regent) • Karl August	[2][3][107]
Toulouse		County of Toulouse	849	1271	Toulouse		[2][5]
Trier		Electorate of Trier	898	1801	Trier	Werner von Falkenstein • Otto von Ziegenhain • Rhaban von Helmstadt • Jakob von Sirk • Johann I von Baden • Jakob II von Baden • Richard Greiffenklau • Johann von Metzenhausen • Johann IV von Hagen • Johann V von Isenburg • Johann VI von der Leyen • Jakob III von Eltz • Johann von Schönenberg • Lothar von Metternich • Philipp von Söttern • Karl Kaspar von der Leyen • Johann VIII von Osbeck • Karl von Lothringen • Franz Ludwig von Neuburg • Franz Georg von Schönborn • Johann von Walderdorf • Klemens von Sachsen	[2][3]
Tuscany		Grand Duchy of Tuscany	1569	1801	Tuscany	Maso degli Albizzi • Rinaldo degli Albizzi • Giovanni I de Medici • Cosimo de Medici • Piero il Gottoso de Medici • Lorenzo il Magnifico • Piero il Fatuo • Girolamo Savonarola • Piero Soderino • Giuliano de Medici • Lorenzo de Medici • Giulio di Medici • Alessandro de Medici • Cosimo I • Francesco I • Ferdinando I • Cosimo II • Ferdinando II • Cosimo III • Gian Gastone • Francesco II • Pietro Leopoldo I • Ferdinando III	[2][3][108]
Tyrone		Earldom of Tyrone			Ulster	Niall • Donal • Eoghan II • Einrí I • Conn I • Einrí II • Donal XIV • Art I • Art II • Conn II Bacach • Séan I • Turlough I • Áed XIV	[2][5]
Ulm		Free Imperial City of Ulm	1181	1803	Ulm		[2][3]
Ulster		Earldom of Ulster	1205	1827	Ulster	Art Roe • Donal • Arthur	[2][5]
Urbino		Duchy of Urbino	1213	1625	Urbino	Antonio I • Gidantonio I • Oddantonio I • Federigo III • Guidobaldo I • Cesare I • Francesco I • Lorenzo I • Caterina I • Guidobaldo II • Francesco Maria II • Francesco Ubaldo I	[2][3]
Utrecht		Episcopal principality of Utrecht	1024	1528	Utrecht	Frederick III • Rudolf I • Gijsbrecht I • David I • Frederik IV • Filips I • Hendrik II	[2][5]
Venice		Republic of Venice	697	1797	Venezia	Antonio Venier • Michele Steno • Tomasso Mocenigo • Francesco Foscarini • Pasquale Malipiero • Cristoforo Moro • Nicolò Tron • Nicolò Marcello • Pietro Mocenigo • Andrea Vendamin • Giovanni Mocenigo • Marco Barbango • Agostino Barbango • Leonardo Loredano • Antonio Grimani • Andrea Gritti • Pietro Lando • Franco Donato • Francesco Venier • Laurenti Priuli • Girolamo Priuli • Pietro Loredan • Alvise Mocenigo I • Sebastiano Venier • Nicoló da Ponte • Pasquale Cicogna • Marino Grimani • Leonardo Loredano II • Marco Memo • Giovanni Bembo • Nicoló Donato • Antonio Priulo • Franco Contarini • Giovanni Cornari I • Nicoló Contarini • Francesco Erizzo • Francesco Molino • Carlo Contarini • Francesco Cornello • Bertuccio Valiero • Giovanni Pesaro • Domenico II Contarini • Nicoló Sagredo • Alvise Contarini • Marcantonio Giustiniani • Francesco Morosini • Silvestro Valiero • Alvise II Mocenigo • Giovanni Cornaro II • Alvise III Mocenigo • Carlo Ruzzini • Alvise Pisani • Pietro Grimani • Francesco Loredan • Marco Foscarini • Alvise IV Mocenigo • Paulo Rainiero • Ludovico Manin	[2][3][109]
Verden		Verden	1180	1807	Stade	Otto II • Johann II • Nicolaus I • Baldwin I • Gerhard III • Heinrich II • Johann III Rode • Cristoph I • Georg I • Heinrich III • Johann Adolf I • Johann Friedrich I • Friedrich II	[2][3][110]
Wales		Principality of Wales	1216	1542	Gwynedd		[2][5][111]
Westphalia		Kingdom of Westphalia	1807	1813	Hessen	Jérôme	[2][3][112]
Wurttemberg		Duchy of Württemberg	1495	1803	Württemberg	Eberhard III • Eberhard IV • Ulrich V • Eberhard I • Eberhard II • Ulrich • Christoph • Ludwig der Fromme • Friedrich I • Johann Friedrich • Eberhard III • Wilhelm Ludwig • Friedrich Karl • Eberhard Ludwig • Karl Alexander • Karl Eugen • Ludwig Eugen • Friedrich II Eugen • Friedrich I • William I	[2][3]
Wurzburg		Bishopric of Würzburg	1168	1803	Würzburg	Gerhard • Johann I • Johann II • Sigmund von Sachsen • Gottfried IV • Johann III von Grumbach • Rudolf II von Schrenberg • Lorenz von Bibra • Konrad von Thüngen • Heinrich Pfeiffer • Konrad von Bibra • Melchior von Giebelstadt • Friedrich von Wirsberg • Julius von Mespelbrunn • Johann von Aschausen • Philipp von Ehrenberg • Franz von Hatzfeld • Johann von Schönborn • Johann von Rosenbach • Peter von Dernbach • Konrad Wilhelm von Wernau • Johann von Guttenberg • Johann von Greiffenklau • Johann Philipp Franz • Christoph von Hutten • Friedrich von Schönborn • Anselm von Ingelheim • Karl von Greiffenklau • Adam von Seinsheim • Franz Ludwig von Erthal • Georg Karl von Fechenbach • Ferdinand von Osterreich	[2][3][113]

Eastern

Technology group	Nation name	Map	Historical nation	Start	End	Capital	Names	Notes
Eastern	Achaea		Principality of Achaea	1205	1432	Achaea	Pietro I • Maria II • Centurione II	[2][42]
	Albania		Principality of Kastrioti	1389	1468	Albania	Gjergj Skanderbeg • Gjon II • Constantino	[2][42][114]
	Armenia		Turkmen Armenia	1335	1508	Yerevan		[2][42][115]
	Bosnia		Kingdom of Bosnia	1377	1463	Visoki	Stjepan Ostoja • Stjepan Ostojic • Radivoj Ostojic • Stjepan Tvrtko II • Stjepan Tomaš Ostojic • Stjepan Tomaševic	[2][42][115]
	Bulgaria		Second Bulgarian Empire	1185	1422	Tarnovo		[2][42][116]
	Byzantium		Byzantine Empire	330	1453	Constantinople	Manuel II • Ioannes VIII • Konstantinos XI	[2][42][117]
	Chernigov		Principality of Chernigov	988	1402	Chernigov		[2][42]
	Circassia		Circassia	1500	1864	Circassia	Petrezok	[2][42][118]
	Commonwealth		Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth	1569	1795	Krakow	Henryk I • Stefan I • Zygmunt III • Wladyslaw IV • Jan II Kazimierz • Michal I Korybut • Jan III • August II Mocny • Stanislaw I • August III Sas • Stanislaw II	[2][42][119]
	Corfu		Corfu under Venetian rule	1363	1797	Corfu	Carlos I • Carlos II • Leonardo II	[2][42]
	Crete		Ottoman Crete	1646	1898	Crete		[2][42]
	Croatia		Croatia in the union with Hungary	1102	1526	Zagreb	John • László • Herman II • Mirko • Ivan • Blaz Madar • Damjan • Herceg Ivan • Ivan • Mirko • Ivan	[2][42][120]
	Epirus		Despotate of Epirus	1356	1479	Crete	Esau I • Giorgio I • Carlos I • Carlos II	[2][42]
	Galicia-Volhynia		Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia	1199	1349	Volhynia		[2][42]
	Georgia		Kingdom of Georgia Kingdom of Kartli	1008	1762	Kartli	Giorgi VII • Konstantine I • Aleksandre I • Vakhtang IV • Giorgi VII • Bagrat VI • Konstantiné II • Davit X • Giorgi IX • Luarsab I • Simon I • Giorgi X • Heraclius II	[2][42][121]
	Greece		Ottoman Greece	1458	1832	Athens		[2][42][122]
	Hungary		Kingdom of Hungary I Kingdom of Hungary II	1301	1867	Pest	Sigismund I • Ladislaus Postumus • Mátyás • János I • János II • István • Christofer • Sigismund • Mihai Viteazul • István • Gábor • György I • György II • Ferenc I • Ferenc II	[2][42][123]
	Imereti		Kingdom of Imereti	1260	1810	Imereti	Bagrat II • Alexander II • Bagrat III • George II • Levan • Rostom • Bagrat IV • George III • Alexander III • Bagrat IV • George IV • Alexander IV • Archil • George V • Simon • Mamia III • George VI • George VII • Alexander V • Solomon I • David II • Solomon II	[2][124]
	Jerusalem		Kingdom of Jerusalem	1099	1291	Jerusalem		[2][42][125]
	Karelia		East Karelia	1617	1918	Karelia		[2][42]
	Kiev		Kiev Voivodeship	1471	1793	Kiev		[2][42][126]
	Krakow		Krakow Voivodeship	1300	1795	Krakow		[2][42]
	Lithuania		Grand Duchy of Lithuania	1236	1795	Vilna	Vytautas • Svitrigaila • Zygimantas • Kazimierz • Aleksandras I • Zygimantas I Stary • Zygimantas II August	[2][42][127]
	Livonia		Duchy of Livonia	1561	1621	Dorpat		[2][42]
	Mazovia		Duchy of Masovia	1138	1526	Warszawa	Janusz I • Boleslaw IV • Konrad III Rudy • Stanislaw • Janusz III	[2][42]
	Moldavia		Moldavia	1346	1859		Iuga Koriatovici • Alexandru I cel Bun • Ilias I • Stefan II • Petru III • Roman II • Petru II • Bogdan II • Petru III Aron • Stefan III cel Mare • Bogdan III • Petru IV Rares • Ilias II • Alexandru IV • Ioan III cel Cumplit • Petru V Schiopul • Stefan VIII • Ieremia Movila • Constantin I Movila • Stefan IX Tomsa • Alexandru VIII Coronul • Vasile • Gheorge I Stefan • Stefan X • Eustratie • Gheorge III • Constantin III Cantemir • Constantin IV • Mahai III • Dimitrie • Nicolae • Grigore I • Constantin V • Constantin VI • Grigore II • Grigore III • Constantin VII • Alexandru IX • Alexandru X • Alexandru XI • Mahai IV Sutu • Alexandru XII • Constantin VIII • Alexandru XIII • Scarlat II • Mahai V	[2][42]
	Montenegro		Zeta under the Crnojevići Zeta under the Crnojevići Sanjak of Scutari Montenegro Vilayet Prince-Bishopric of Montenegro	1362	1852	Zeta	Djurad II • Balsha III • Stepan I • Jovan I • Djuradj IV • Stepan II • Jovan II • Djuradj V • Vavila • German II • Pavle • Vasilije I • Nikodim • Makrije • Rufim I • Pahomije II • Gerasim • Venjamin • Nikanor • Rufim II • Mardarija I • Visarion I • Mardarija II • Rufim III • Vasilije II • Visarion II • Sava I • Danilo I • Sava II • Petar I	[2][42][128]
	Morea		Despotate of the Morea	1349	1460	Morea	Theodoros I • Theodoros II • Demetrios II	[2][42]
	Muscovy		Grand Duchy of Moscow	1283	1547	Moskva	Vasiliy I • Vasiliy II Temny • Ivan III Veliky	[2][42][129]
	Naxos		Duchy of Naxos	1207	1579	Naxos	Giacomo I • Giovanni II • Giacomo II • Gian Giacomo • Guglielmo II • Francesco II • Giacomo III • Giovanni III • Francesco III • Giovanni IV • Giacomo IV • Giuseppe	[2][42][130]
	Nitra		Principality of Nitra			Érsekújvár		[2][42]
	Nizhny Novgorod		Nizhny Novgorod			Nizhny Novgorod	Dmitry I	[2][42][131]
	Novgorod		Novgorod Republic	1136	1478	Novgorod	Evfimy II • Iona • Feofil	[2][42][132]
	Odoyev		Odoyev			Odayev	Ivan • Semen	[2][42]
	Perm		Great Perm	1323	1505	Cherdyn	Yermolay I • Mikhail I • Matvey I	[2][42][133]
	Poland		Kingdom of Poland	1385	1569	Krakow	Kazimierz IV • Jan I Olbracht • Aleksander I • Zygmunt I Stary • Zygmunt II August • Henryk I • Stefan I • Zygmunt III • Wladyslaw IV • Jan II Kazimierz • Michal I Korybut • Jan III • August II Mocny • Stanislaw I • August III Sas • Stanislaw II	[2][42][134]
	Polotsk		Principality of Polotsk	987	1397	Polotsk		[2][42][135]
	Pskov		Pskov Republic	1348	1510	Pskov	Ivan • Daniil • Konstantin • Aleksandr IV • Andrei II • Fyodor I • Fyodor II • Dmitriy I • Vladimir II • Aleksandr V • Aleksandr VI • Vasiliy III • Ivan IV • Valdimir III • Ivan V • Fyodor III • Yaroslav II • Daniil II • Vasiliy IV • Semyon • Vasiliy V • Ivan VI • Dmitriy • Ivan VII	[2][42][136]
	Ragusa		Republic of Ragusa	1358	1808	Ragusa		[2][42][137]
	Russia		Tsardom of Russia Russian Empire	1547	1917	Moskva	Ivan III Veliky • Vasiliy III • Ivan IV Grozny • Fedor I • Boris I • Dmitry • Vasiliy IV • Vladislav I • Mikhail I • Aleksey I • Fedor III • Pyotr I Veliky • Yekaterina I • Pyotr II • Anna I • Ivan VI • Elizaveta I • Pyotr III • Yekaterina II Velikaya • Pavel I • Aleksandr I	[2][42][138]
	Ruthenia		Ruthenian Voivodeship	1434	1772	Kiev		[2][42][139]
	Ryazan		Principality of Ryazan	1097	1521	Ryazan	Oleg Ivanovich • Fyodor Olegovich • Ivan Fyodorovich	[2][42][140]
	Romania		Early Modern Romania	1600	1881	Targoviste		[2][42][141]
	Sapmi		Sápmi			Lappland		[2][42][142]
	Serbia		Serbian Despotate Revolutionary Serbia Principality of Serbia	1402	1459	Serbia	Stefan II • Ðurad I • Lazar II • Stefan III • Stjepan Tomaševic • Ðorde I Petrovic • Milosh I	[2][42][143]
	Smolensk		Principality of Smolensk	1054	1387	Smolensk	Yury I	[2][42][144]
	Theodoro		Principality of Theodoro	1300	1475	Theodoro	Alexis • Manuel Olubei • Isaac • Alexander	[2][42][145]
	Transylvania		Principality of Transylvania	1570	1711	Hunyad	Stibor • Miklós • János • János I • János II • István • Christofer • Sigismund • Mihai • István • Gábor • Gábor • György I • György II • Ferenc I • Ferenc II	[2][42][146]
	Trebizond		Empire of Trebizond	1204	1461	Trebizond	Manuel III • Alexios IV • Ioannes IV • Dauid	[2][42][147]
	Tver		Principality of Tver	1246	1485	Tver	Mikhail II • Ivan • Boris • Mikhail III • Ivan II	[2][42][148]
	Wallachia		Wallachia	1330	1859	Tîrgoviste	Mircea I • Mihail I • Radu II Chelul • Dan II • Alexandru I • Vlad II • Basarab II • Vladislav II • Vlad III Tepes • Radu II cel Frumos • Basarab II Laoiota • Basarab III cel Tînar • Vlad IV Calugarul • Radu IV cel Mare • Neagoe Basarab • Radu V de la Afumati • Mircea III Ciobanul • Petru cel Tînar • Alexandru II • Mihnea II Turcitul • Mihai II Viteazul • Radu IX Mihnea • Alexandru V Coconul • Leon • Matei I Basarab • Constantin I • Grigore I • Gheorge II • Serban II • Constantin II • Nicolae II • Constantin III • Alexandru VII • Grigore III • Alexandru VII • Mihai IV Sutu • Alexandru VIII • Constantin V • Constantin VI • Ioan II • Alexandru IX Sutu	[2][42][149]
	Yaroslavl		Principality of Yaroslavl	1218	1463	Yaroslavl	Ivan Bolshoy • Fedor • Alexandr Bryukhatiy	[2][42][150]
	Zaporozhie		Zaporizhian Sich	1471	1828	Zaporozhia	Lyantskoronsky • Kishka • Vishnevetsky-Bayda • M. Vishnevetsky • Ivan Svirgovsky • Bogdan Ruzhinsky • Ivan II Pidkova • Yakiv I Shakh • Lukyan Chornynsky • Samiylo II • Zakhar Kulaga • Lukyan Chornsky • Semen I Skalozub • V Chanovytsky • K. Kosynsky • G. Loboda • Shaula, Krempsky & Nech • Gnat Vassylevsky • Baybuza & Polous • Gavrylo Kortnevych • Samiylo III Kishka • Kortnevych & Kutskovych • Zborovsky • Andriyevch • Tyskinevych • P. Sagaydachny • Olifer Golub • M. Doroshenko • M. Doroshenko • K. Vovk • Ivan V Sulyma • G. Chorny • Orendarenko • Ivan VI Kulaga • Gavrylovych • Samiylo IV Sulyma • Ivan V Sylyma • Vassyl Tomylenko • Sava, Pavlyuk & Gunya • Gunya • Karpo P. • Gulak-Bulyuk • Bogdan IV Khmelnitsky • Ivan I Vygovskyy • Yuriy Khmelnitsky • Divisional Hetmans • Ivan IV Mazep • Ivan V Skoropadsky • Pavlo II Polubotok • Danylo Apostol • Rozumovsky	[2][42][151]

Anatolian

Technology group	Nation name	Map	Historical nation	Start	End	Capital	Names	Notes
Anatolian	Aydin		Beylik of Aydin	1308	1426	Sugla	Umar II • Junayd	[2][124]
	Candar		Beylik of Candar	1292	1461	Sinop	Isfendiyar • Ibrâhim II • Ismâil • Ahmed	[2][124]
	Dulkadir		Beylik of Dulkadir	1337	1522	Marash	Mehmed • Sülaymân • Melik Arslan • Sâh Budak • Sahsuvar • Alaüddevle Bozkurt • Sahsuvaroglu Ali	[2][124]
	Eretna		Beylik of Eretna	1335	1381	Sivas		[2][124]
	Germiyan		Beylik of Germiyan	1300	1429	Kütahya	Yakub II	[2][124]
	Karaman		Beylik of Karaman	1250	1487	Karaman	Alâeddîn I • Seyfeddîn Süleymân • Mehmed II • Alâeddîn Ali II • Ibrâhîm II • Sultanzâde Ishâk • Pîr Ahmed • Kâsim • Turgutoglu Mahmûd	[2][124][152]
	Mentese		Beylik of Menteşe	1260	1424	Mentese	Ilyas I	[2][124]
	Ottomans		Ottoman Empire	1299	1922	Edirne	Mehmet II Fatih • Murad II • Bayezid II • Selim I Yavuz • Süleyman I Kanuni • Selim II • Murad III • Mehmet III • Ahmet I • Mustafa I Deli • Osman II • Mustafa I • Murad IV • Ibrahim I • Mehmet IV • Süleyman II • Ahmet II • Mustafa II • Ahmet III • Mahmud I • Osman III • Mustafa III • Abdülhamid I • Selim III • Mustafa IV • Mahmud II	[2][124][153]
	Ramazan		Beylik of Ramazan	1352	1608	Adana	Sihâbeddîn Ahmed I • Ibrâhim II • Izeddîn Hamza I • Mehmed I • Eylük I • Dündar I • Ömer I • Giyâseddîn Halil I • Selim I • Mahmud I • Kubad Pasa I • Pîrî Mehmed Pasa I • Dervis I • Ibrahim III • Mehmed II • Pir Mansur I	[2][124]
	Saruhan		Beylik of Saruhan	1300	1410	Saruhan	Hizir I	[2][124]

Muslim

Technology group	Nation name	Map	Historical nation	Start	End	Capital	Names	Notes
Muslim	Adal		Adal Sultanate	1415	1577	Harer	Sabr • Mansur • Jamal • Badlay • Mohammed • Shams • Mohamed • Mahfuz • 'Abu • Ahmad Gran • Bat'iah • Nur	[2][154]
	Afghanistan		Hotak dynasty Durrani Empire Emirate of Afghanistan	1501	1926	Kandahar	Hakim • Mir Ways • Mir 'Abd-al'Aziz • Mir Mahmud • Mir Ashraf • Mir Husayn • Ahmad Shah Durr-i-Durran • Taimur Shah • Zaman Shah • Mahmud Shah • Shuja Shah • Mahmud Shah • Ali Shah • Ayub Shah	[2][124][155]
	Algiers		Ottoman Algeria	1517	1830	Algiers	Salim • Oruc Reis • Hayreddin Barbarossa • Hasan • Salah Reis • Hasan • Muhammad • Hasan • Ahmad • Hasan • Muhammad • Uluç Ali Reis • Ahmed • Ramadan • Hassan • Djafar • Ahmad • Khizr • Shaban • Mustafa • Hassan • Süleyman • Khizr • Mustafa • Rizvan • Mustafa • Hassan • Mustafa • Hassan • Khizr • Murad • Hussein • Yusuf • Abu • Muhammed • Yusuf • Mehmed • Ismail • Chabane • Ahmed • Hassan • Mustafa • Hussein • Muhamed • Ibrahim • 'Ali I • Muhammad I • 'Abdi • Ibrâhîm I • Ibrâhîm II • Muhammad II • 'Alî II • Muhammad III • Mustafa • Ahmed • 'Alî III • 'Umar • 'Alî IV • Husain III	[2][124][156]
	Andalusia		Andalusia			Cordoba		[2][124][157]
	Arabia		Arabian Peninsula			Mecca		[2][124][158]
	Ardalan		Ardalan	1169	1867	Ardalan	Bawa • Timur • Helo • Ahmad • Soleiman • Sobhanverdi • Khosrow • Aman-Allah	[2][124]
	Baluchistan		Khanate of Kalat	1666	1955	Quetta	Kumbar • Mir Chakar • Mir Shahzad • Kumbar • Hasan • Ahmad I • Mir Mehrab I • Samandar • Ahmad II • Mir Abdullah • Mir Muhabbat • Mir Muhammad Naseer I • Mir Mahmud I	[2][124][159]
	Bohtan		Bohtan	700	1847	Cizre	Badr Khan	[2][124]
	Bukhara		Khanate of Bukhara Emirate of Bukhara	1500	1920	Kypshak	Muhammad • Kochkunju • Abu Said • Ubaydulla • Abdulla I • Abdul-Aziz • Abdul-Latif • Navruz Ahmad • Pir Muhammad I • Iskandar • Abdulla II • Abdul-Mumin • Pir Muhammad II • Baqi Muhammad • Vali Muhammad • Imam Quli • Nadir Muhammad • Abdul-Aziz • Subhan Quli • Ubaydulla II • Abu'l-Feiz • Abdul-Mumin • Muhammad Rahim • Daniyal • Shahmurad • Haydar	[2][160]
	Djerid		Sultanate of Djerid			Gafsa	Abu • Abu II • Hassan • Hassan II • Hassan III • Abu III • Abu IV • Abu V • Hassan IV	[2][154]
	Egypt		Egypt Eyalet	1517	1867	Cairo		[2][161]
	Fez		Wattasid dynasty	1472	1554	Fez	Muhammad I • Muhammad II • Ali Abu Hassun (regent) • Ahmad • Mohammed al-Hajj	[2][154]
	Fezzan		Sultanate of Fezzan			Fezzan	Abdûlazzâ • Abdûlazzâ II • Abdûlazzâ III • Muhammad ibn al-Mustansir • Al-Nasir • Al-Mansur • Tahir • Muhammad I • Nagib • Muhammad II al-Nasir • Muhammad III • Ahmad I • Tahir II • Ahmad II • Muhammad IV • Muhammad V • Muhammad VI • Yusuf al-Mukkani	[2][154]
	Gazikumukh		Gazikumukh Shamkhalate Gazikumukh Khanate	700	1860	Khundzia	Shamkhal • Alibek • Umal-Muhammad • Budai • Surkhay I • Chopan • Alibek I • Surkhay II • Andia • Eldar • Aidermir • Alibek II • Surkhay III • Murtazali • Muhammad • Surkhay IV	[2][124]
	Granada		Emirate of Granada	1238	1492	Granada	Muhammad VII • Yûsuf III • Muhammad VIII • Muhammad IX • Muhammad X • Sa'd I Ciriza • Yûsuf V • Alí I Muley Hacén • Muhammad XII Boabdil • Muhammad XIII	[2][5][162]
	Haasa		Haasa	?	1795	Al-Qatif	Ajwad ibn Zamil • Muqrin ibn Zamil • Muhammad I • Sadun I • Barrak I • Ali • Sulyaman • Urayir ibn Dudjayn • Sadun II • Zayid • Barrak II • Nadjim ibn Duhaynim • Sulayman ibn Muhammad	[2][124]
	Hejaz		Sharifate of Mecca Hejaz	968	1925	Mecca	Ahmad III • Hasan II • Barakât I • 'Ali III • Abu'l Qasim • Barakât I • Muhammad V • Barakât II • Muhammad VI • al-Hasan III • Abu't-Tâlib • Idrîs II • Muhsîn I • Ahmad VI • Mas'ûd I • 'Abd Allâh I • Zayid • Sa'd I • Barakât III • Ahmad VII • Ahmad VIII • Mushîn II • Sa'd I • Sa'id II • 'Abd al-Karîm • Yahyâ I • Mubârak • 'Abdilâh I • Muhammad VIII • Mas'ûd III • Musâ'ad • Ahmad IX • Surur • Gâlib • Yahyâ II	[2][124][163]
	Hormuz		Ormus	900	1650	Hormuz	Fakhr al-Din	[2][124][164]
	Hisn Kayfa		Hisn Kayfa Sultanate	1350	1462	Hisn Kayfa	al-'Adil Fakhr al-Din • al-Ashraf Sharaf al-Din • al-Salih Salah al-Din • al-Kamil IV Ahmad • Khalil	[2][165]
	Iraq		Baghdad Eyalet	1535	1864	Baghdad		[2][124]
	Kabylia		Kabylie Kingdom of Kuku Kingdom of Ait Abbas	1515	1872	Kabylia	Abderrahmane • Ahmed I • Abdelaziz • Ahmed I • Sidi Naceur • Betka • Bouzid • Bouzid II • Abdesselem • Bouzid III • Abdallah	[2][154]
	Khiva		Khanate of Khiva	1511	1920	Urgench	Ilbars I • Hadji • Hassan Quli • Budjuga • Sufyan • Kal • Agatay • Dost • Hadji • Arab Muhammad • Isfandiyar • Abu'l-Ghazi I • Anusha • Khudaydad • Arang • Juchi • Vali • Niyaz • Yadgar • Isim • Sher Ghazi • Ilbars II • Abu'l-Ghazi Muhammad • Abu'l-Ghazi II • Ghaip Khan I • Abdullah Qarabay • Timur Ghazi • Tawke • Shah Ghazi • Abu'l-Ghazi III • Iltazar • Muhammad Rahim I	[2][124][166]
	Khorasan		Greater Khorasan	821	1881	Birjand	Babur Ibn-Baysunkur • Ibrahim • Abû Sa'id • Hussein Baiqara • Shah Rukh	[2][124]
	Kokkand		Kokkand			Kokand	Shahrukh • Abdul-Rahim • Abdul-Karim • Muhammad Baba • Irdana • Suleyman • Narbuta • Alim • Muhammad Umar	[2][167]
	Lebanon		Sidon Eyalet	1660	1864	Sidon		[2][124]
	Mamluks		Mamluk Sultanate	1250	1517	Cairo	al-Nasr Faraj • Shaikh al-Mahmudi • Muhammad IV • Barsbai • Jaqmaq • Inâl • Khûshqadam • Qâ'itbay • Muhammad II • Qânsûh I • Jânbalat • Qânsûh II • Tûmân Bay II • Alî l-Kabîr • Mehmed • Murad • Osman • Muhammad 'Alî	[2][124][168]
	Morocco		Marinid dynasty Wattasid dynasty Saadi dynasty Alaouite dynasty	1244		Fez	Abu-Sa'id Uthman III • Abdalhaqq II • Mohammed ibn Ali Amrani-Joutey • Muhammad I • 'Abd Allâh I • Muhammad II • Abu Marawan • Ahmad II • 'Abd Allâh II • Zaydân • 'Abd al-Malik • al-Walîd • Muhammad III • Abd al-Karim ibn Abi-Bakr • Abu Bakr ibn Abd al-Karim • ar-Rashid • Ismâ'îl • Ahmad • 'Abd Allâh • Muhammad III • al-Yazîd • Sulaymân	[2][154][169]
	Mughals		Mughal Empire	1526	1857	Central Doab	Bâbur • Humâyûn • Akbar I • Jahângîr • Shâh Jehân • Aurangzîb Alamgir • Bahâdur Shâh I • Jahandar Shah • Farrukh Siyar • Rafi-ul Darjat • Rafi ud-Daulah • Muhammad Ibrahim • Muhammad Shâh • Ahmad Shâh • 'Alamgir II • Shâh Jahân III • Shâh 'Alam II • Akbar II	[2][124][170]
	Mzab		M'zab State			Mzab	Hassan • Bahayou • Bakir • Abu Zakariya • Dahman • Abd al-Aziz	[2][154]
	Najd		Najd Emirate Emirate of Diriyah		1818	Al-Arid	Watban • Mani • Rabi'a I • Musa I • Ibrahim I • Markhan I • Rabi'a II • Watban • Markhan II • Muhammad I • Nasir I • Markhan III • Ibrahim II • Idris • Sultan • 'Abd Allah • Musa I • Sa'ud I • Muhammad II • Zayid • 'Abd al-'Aziz I • Saud II • Abdullah I	[2][124][171]
	Oman		Oman	751	1970	Masqat	Mahzum • Sulaymân • 'Umar • Muhammaed I • Ahmad • Abu'l-Hasan • Muhammad II • Barakât • Makhzûm • Habhân • 'Umayr • Nâsir • Sultân I • Abi'l-'Arab I • Sayf I • Sultân II • Muhannâ • Sayf II • Muhammad III • Sultân III • Abi'l-'Arab II • Ahmad • Sâ'îd I • Sâlim I • Sâ'îd II	[2][124][172]
	Persia		Persian Empire	-559	1979	Tabriz	Joneid • Haidar • Ismâ'îl I • Thamâsp I • Ismâ'îl II • Muhammad Khudabanda • Hamza Mirza • Abu Talib • Abbas I • Safi I • Abbas II • Suleiman I • Sultan Husain I • Thamasp II • Abbas III • Nadir • Adil • Ibrahim • Shah Rukh • Suleiman II • Ismail III • Karim Khan • Zaki Khan • Sadeq Khan • Ali Morad • Ja'far Khan • Lotf Ali Khan • Aga Muhammad • Fath Alî	[2][124][173]
	Semien		Kingdom of Semien	350	1627	Semien	Gideon V • Gideon VI • Joram • Radi • Caleb • Goshen • Gideon VII • Pinchas	[2][124][174]
	Shammar		Shammar			Jabal Shammar	Abdullah	[2][124][175]
	Sharjah		Emirate of Sharjah	1727		Qawasim	Rashid • Saqr I • Sultan I • ah-Husayn • al-Hasan	[2][124]
	Shirvan		Shirvan	861	1538	Shirvan	Ibrahim I Muhammad • Ibrahim I • Farrukhsiyar Khalil I • Bahram Farrukhsiyar • Ghazi Farrukhsiyar • Mahmud Ghazi • Ibrahim II • Ibrahim III	[2][124]
	Sus		Kingdom of Sus	1250	1850	Sus	Barakat • Abu Hassun • Muhammad	[2][154]
	Syria		Mamluk Syria		1516	Damascus		[2][124][176]
	Tabarestan		Tabaristan	655	1598	Mazandaran	'Adud ud-Dawlah Qubad • Sa'ad ud-Dawlah Tus • Kayumarth • Bakir Almaluf • Kai-Ka'us II • Jahangir • Bisutun II • Bahman • Kayumarth II • Aziz • Jahangir II	[2][124]
	Tafilalt		Tafilalt		1668	Tafilalt	Muhammad al-Qaim • Ahmad al-Araj • Mohammed ash-Sheikh • Abdallah al-Ghalib • Moulay Ali Cherif • Muhammad ibn Sharif • ar-Rashid	[2][154]
	Tlemcen		Kingdom of Tlemcen	1235	1556	Tlemcen	Muhammad III • Abdallah I • Muhammad IV • Abd al-Wahid • Muhammad V • Ahmad II • Muhammad VI • Muhammad VII • Mûsa III • 'Abd Allâh III • Ahmad III • al-Hasan	[2][154]
	Touggourt		Touggourt Sultanate	1414	1854	Touggourt	Mubarak • Ali III • Mustafa • Sulayman III • Ahmad II • Muhammad al-'Akhal • Ahmad IV • Farhat • Ibrahim • Abd al-Qadir • Khalid • Abd al-Qadir Ahmad • Umar bin Kumetin • Muhammad II • Umar bin Muhammad II • Ahmad VI • Abd al-Kadir II • Farhat II • Ibrahim II • Muhammad III	[2][154]
	Tripoli		Ottoman Tripolitania	1551	1911	Tripoli	Oruç Reis • Muslihiddin Reis • Turgut Reis • Murad • Yahya • Jafar • Kaid • Hussein • Ibrahim • Iskander • Selim • Ali • Ahmad • Suleiman • Mustafa • Ramadan • Mehmed • Osman • Osman • Bali • Halil • Mustafa • Ibrahim • Osman • Mehmed • Hassan • Ali • Abdallah • Ibrahim • Mehmed • Osman • Mustafa • Khalil • Ismail • Mehmed • Ahmad I • Mehmed I • 'Alî I • 'Alî Borgul • Yusuf	[2][154][177]
	Tunis		Sultanate of Tunis Ottoman Tunisia Beylik of Tunis	1229	1881	Tunis	'Uthman • Yahyâ III • 'Abd al-Mu'min • Zakariyâ' II • Muhammad V • Muhammad VI • Ahmad III • Muhammad VII • Muhammed • Ibrahim • Moussa • Uthman • Yusuf • Murad I • Muhammad I • Murad II • Muhammad II • Muhammad III • Ali I • Muhammad el-Hafsi • Ramadan • Murad III • Ibrahim • Umar • Husayn • Abu • Muhammad • Ali • Hammuda • Uthman • Mahmud	[2][154][178]
	Yemen		Greater Yemen	?	1990	Sana'a	Isma'il I • Saladin Ahmad • 'Abdallah • Isma'il II • Yahya • Isma'il III • Yusuf II • Salâh ad-Din 'Amir I • 'Alî • 'Abd al-Wahhâb • Salâh ad-Din 'Amir II • al-Qâsim • Muhammad I • Ismâ'îl • Ahmad I • Muhammad II • Muhammad III • al-Qâsim I • al-Husayn • al-'Abbâs • 'Alî I • Ahmad II • Abdallah I	[2][124]

Indian

Technology group	Nation name	Map	Historical nation	Start	End	Capital	Names	Notes
Indian	Andhra		Andhrapuramu	1325	1448	Konaseema	Kumaragiri • Kataya Vema • Allada • Veerabhadra • Raghuveera	[2][179][180][181]
	Assam		Kingdom of Assam	1228	1826	Assam	Sudangpha • Sujangpha • Siphakpha • Susenphâ • Suhenphâ • Supimphâ • Suhungmung • Suklenmung • Sukhamphâ • Susengphâ • Suramphâ • Sutyinphâ • Sutamla • Supungmung • Sunyatphâ • Suklamphâ • Suhung • Gobar • Sujinphâ • Sudalphâ • Sulikphâ • Supatphâ • Sukrungphâ • Sutanphâ • Sunenphâ • Suramphâ • Suyeophâ • Suhitpangphâ • Suklingphâ • Sudinpha • Brajnatha	[2][179][182][183]
	Ahmednagar		Ahmadnagar Sultanate	1490	1636	Ahmadnagar	Ahmad Shah I • Burhan Shah I • Murtaza Shah I • Maran Husayn Shah II • Isma'il Shah • Burhan Shah II • Ibrahim Shah • Ahmad Shah • Bahadur Shah • Murtaza Shah II • Burhan Shah III • Husayn Shah II	[2][179][184]
	Bagelkhand		Rewa State	1140	1948	Bagelkhand	Virama Dev • Shaktivan Deo • Veer Singh • Virbhan Singh • Ramachandra Singh • Duryodhan Singh • Vikramaditya • Amar Singh II • Anoop Singh • Bhao Singh • Anirudh Singh • Avadhut Singh • Ajit Singh • Jai Singh	[2][179][185]
	Baglana		Dharampur State		1637	Baglana	Jopideva • Nanadeva II • Bhairava • Bhairava II • Viramasena • Bhairava III • Somdevji • Sahadevji • Dharamdevji Ramdevji • Somdevji • Rupdevji Somdevji • Vijayadevji Rupdevji	[2][179][186]
	Bahmanis		Bahmani Sultanate Bidar Sultanate	1347	1619	Bidar	Taj ud-Din Firuz • Ahmad Shah I Wali • Ala ud-Din Ahmad Shah II • Ala ud-Din Humayun Shah • Makhduma-e-Jahan Nargis Begum • Muhammad Shah III • Qasim I • Amir I • Ali • Ibrahim • Qasim II • Ali II • Amir II • Mirza Ali • Amir III	[2][179][187][188]
	Baroda		Baroda State	1721	1949	Baroda	Pilaji Rao • Damaji Rao II • Sayaji Rao I • Fateh Singh Rao • Manaji Rao • Govind Rao • Anand Rao • Sayaji Rao II	[2][179][189]
	Bastar		Bastar State	1324	1948	Bastar	Hamir Deo • Bhaitai Deo • Purushottam Deo • Pratap Deo • Digpal Deo • Rajpal Deo • Dakhin Singh • Dalpat Deo • Daryao Deo • Mahipal Deo	[2][179][190]
	Bengal		Bengal Sultanate Bengal Subah Bengal Presidency	1342	1947	Gauda	Ghiyasuddin Azam • Sayf-ud-Din Hamza • Shihab-ud-Din Bayazid • Ala-ud-Din Firuz • Raja Ganesh • Jalaluddin Mohammed • Shamsuddin Ahmad • Nasir-ud-Din Mahmud • Rukun-ud-Din Barbak • Shams-ud-Din Yusuf • Sikandar II • Jalal ad-Din Fateh • Shahzada Barbak • Sayf-ud-Din Firuz • Nasir-ud-Din Mahmud II • Shams ad-Din Muzaffar • Ala-ud-din Husain • Nasir ad-Din Nasrat • Ala-ud-din Firuz III • Ghiyasuddin Mahmud • Sher Shah • Islam Shah • Shams ud-Din Muhammad • Ghiyat ad-Din Bahadur • Ghiyat ad-Din Jalal • Sulayman Khan • Da'ud • Murshid Quli • Shuja' ad-Din Muhammad • 'Ala' ad-Daula Sarfaraz • Ali-Vardi Khan • Mirza Mahmud Siraj • Mir Muhammad Ja'far • Mir Qasim 'Ali • Mir Phulwari Najm • Sayf ad-Daula • Mubarak ad-Daula	[2][179][191][192]
	Berar		Berar Sultanate	1490	1572	West Berar	Fath Allah 'Imad Malik • 'Ala' ad-din • Dariya • Burkhan 'Imad Shah • Taufal Khan	[2][179][193]
	Bharat		Bharat	1947		Delhi		[2][179][194][195]
	Bijapur		Bijapur Sultanate	1490	1686	Bijapur	Yusuf • Ismail • Mallu • Ibrahim I • Ali I • Ibrahim II • Muhammad • Ali II • Sikandar	[2][179][196]
	Bundelkhand		Orchha State	1501	1950	Kalpi	Nasir al-Din Mahmud Shah • Qadir Shah • Fath al-Din Jalal Shah • Nasir Khan • Malkhan Singh • Rudra-pratap Singh • Bharti-candra I • Madukar Shah • Ram Shah • Bir Singh Deo I • Jujhar Singh • Devi Singh • Pahar Singh • Sujan Singh I • Indramani Singh • Jaswant Singh • Baghwat Singh • Udwat Singh • Prithvi Singh • Sawant Singh Mahendra • Hati Singh Mahendra • Man Singh Mahendra • Bharti-candra II Mahendra • Vikramajit Mahendra	[2][179][197]
	Carnatic		Gingee Nayak Kingdom Arcot State	1509	1859	Gingee	Chennappa • Gangama • Venkata Krishnappa • Muhammad Sa'adat I • Dust 'Ali Khan • Safdar 'Ali Khan • Muhammad Sa'adat II • Anwar ad-Din Muhammad • Chanda Sahib • Wala Jah Muhammad 'Ali • Umdat Ul-Umra • Azimuddaula • Azam Jah	[2][179][198]
	Ceylon		Kingdom of Kotte Kingdom of Kandy	1412	1815	Kotte	Parakramabahu VII • Jayabahu II • Bhuvanaikabahu VI • Parakramabahu VIII • Vijayabahu VII • Bhuvanaikabahu VII • Dharmapalabahu • Vimala Dharmasuriya I • Senarut • Rajasimha • Vimala Dharmasuriya II • Narendra • Sri Vijaya Rajasimha • Kitri Sri Rajasimha • Sri Rajadhiraja Simha	[2][179][199][200]
	Chanda		Chanda State			Chanda	Bhuma & Lokba • Karan Shah • Babji Ballal Sah • Dhundya Ram Sah • Krasna Sah • Bir Sah • Hirai Sah • Ram Sah • Nilkanth Sah	[2][179][201]
	Deccan		Hyderabad Deccan	1724	1948	Marathwada	Asaf Jah I • Muhammad Nasr Jang • Muzaffar Jang • Salabat Jung • Ali Khan • Sikandar Jah	[2][179][202]
	Delhi		Delhi Sultanate	1206	1526	Delhi	Mohammed Shah IV • Aladdin Alam Shah • Bahlûl • Sikandar Shâh • Ibrâhîm Shâh • Hemu	[2][179][203]
	Dhundhar		Jaipur State	1128	1949	Dhundar	Narasimha • Banabira • Uddharana • Chandra Sena • Prithvi Singh • Puran mal • Bhimasimha • Ratnasimha • Aaskaran • Bharmal • Bhagwant Das • Man Singh I • Shri Bhao Singh • Jai Singh I • Ramsingh I • Bishan Singh • Jai Singh II • Isri Singh • Madho Singh I • Pratvi Singh • Pratap Singh • Jagat Singh II • Jai Singh III	[2][179][204]
	Garhwal		Garhwal Kingdom	823	1949	Garhwal	Sundar Pal • Hansdeo Pal • Bijai Pal • Sahaj Pal • Balbhadra Shah • Man Shah I • Shyam Shah • Mahipat Shah • Prithvi Shah • Fateh Shah • Upendra Shah • Pradip Shah • Lalit Shah • Jaikarat Shah • Pradyuman Shah • Sudarshan Shah	[2][179][205]
	Garjat		Garhjats Sambalpur State	1493	1849	Sambalpur	Haria Deo • Jugasai Deo II • Pratapnayan Deo II • Harirudra Deo • Anku Deo • Pratap Deo • Raghunath Deo • Biswambhar Deo • Raisingh Deo II • Dusmant Deo • Jugasai Deo III • Khadag Rai Deo • Raisingh Deo III • Purusottam Deo • Jugasai Deo IV	[2][179][206]
	Golkonda		Golkonda Sultanate	1512	1687	Golconda	Quli Qutb-ul-Mulk • Jamshid Quli • Subhan Quli • Ibrahim Quli • Muhammad I • Muhammad II • Abd Allah • Abu'l-Hasan	[2][179][207]
	Gondwana		Gondwana	1398	1781	Mahakoshal	Hirde • Sangrama Simha • Dalpat Simha • Durgavati • Chandra Sahi • Jatba • Bakht Buland • Chand Sultan • Chhatra Sahi	[2][179][208]
	Gujarat		Gujarat Sultanate	1407	1573	Ahmadabad	Zafar Khan • Muhammad Shah I • Muzaffar Shah • Ahmad Shah I • Muhammad Shah II • Ahmad Shah II • Mahmud Shah I • Muzaffar Shah • Bahadur Shah • Mubarak Shah • Mahmud Shah III • Ahmad Shah III • Muhammad Shah III • Muzaffar Shah III	[2][179][209][210]
	Gwalior		Gwalior Kingdom Gwalior State	-500	1948	Gird	Beersingh Deo • Man Singh • Ranojirao • Jayapparao • Jankijirao I • Madhavrao I • Daulatrao I	[2][179][211]
	Habsan		Janjira State	1489	1948	Chaul	Surur Khan • Abdul Karim Khan • Abdul Samad Surul Khan • Yakut Khan Shazli • Amber Sanak • Yusuf Khan • Fateh Khan • Qasim Khan • Kasim Yakut Khan • Ambat Yakut Khan	[2][179][212]
	Hadoti		Bundi Kingdom	1200	1947	Hadoti	Hamuj • Birsingh • Biru • Bandu • Narayan Das • Suraj Mal • Surtan Singh • Surjan Singh • Bhoj Singh • Ratan Singh • Chatra Singh • Bao Singh • Anirudh Singh • Dalel Singh • Umaid Singh • Ajit Singh • Bishen Singh	[2][179][213]
	Hindustan		Hindustan	1947		Delhi		[2][179][214][215]
	Jaffna		Jaffna Kingdom	1215	1624	Vanni	Kanakasooriya Cinkaiariyan • Sapumal Kumaraya • Singai Pararasasegaram • Cankili • Puviraja Pandaram • Kasi Nayinar • Periyapillai • Ethirimana Cinkam • Cankili II	[2][179][216]
	Jaisalmer		Jaisalmer State	1156	1949	Jaisalmer	Bhanwar • Lunkaran • Maldev • Harraj • Bhim Singh • Kalyan Das • Manohar Das • Ramchandar • Sabal Singh • Amar Singh • Jaswant Singh • Budh Singh • Akhai Singh • Mulraj Singh II • Gaj Singh	[2][179][217]
	Jangladesh		Bikaner State	1465	1947	Jangladesh	Rao • Bika • Naroji Singh • Jetsiji Singh • Kalyan Singh • Raj Singh • Dalpat Singh • Sur Singh • Karan Singh • Anup Singh • Sarup Singh • Sujan Singh • Zorawar Singh • Gaj Singh • Raj Singh II • Pratap Singh • Surat Singh	[2][179][218]
	Jaunpur		Jaunpur Sultanate	1394	1479	Jaunpur	Mubarak Shah • Ibrahim Shah • Mahmud Shah • Muhammad Shah • Hussain Shah • Adil • Sher Khan • Balwant Singh • Chait Singh • Mahipat Singh • Udit Singh	[2][179][219][220]
	Jharkhand		Jharkhand Kingdom	150	1947	Jharkhand	Maharato • Maharato II • Madhu Singh • Durjan Sal • Anant Raj • Medini Raj • Narendra Rudra Singh • Balbhadra Singh • Jaswant Singh • Bahadur Singh • Sheo Singh • Ajit Singh • Singram Singh • Amar Singh	[2][179][221]
	Kachar		Kachari Kingdom	1250	1854	Naga	Manipha • Ladapha • Khorapha • Khunkhorapha • Detsungpha • Nirbhay Narayan • Harmesvar • Megha Narayana • Satrrudaman • Nar Narayan • Bhimdarpa Narayan • Indraballabh Naraya • Birdarpa Narayan • Garurdhwaj Narayan • Makardhwaj • Udayaditya • Tamradhwaj Narayan • Chandraprabha • Suradarpa Narayan • Dharmadhwaj Narayan • Kirichandra Narayan • Gopichandra Narayan • Harischandra • Krishnachandra Narayan • Gobindchandra Narayan	[2][179][222]
	Kangra		Kangra State	1400	1948	Kangra	Megh Chand • Hari Chand I • Karan Chand II • Sansar Chand I • Devangga Chand • Narendra Chand • Suvira Chand • Prayag Chand • Ram Chand • Dharam Chand • Manika Chand • Jai Chand V • Bidhi Chand • Triloka Chand • Hari Chand II • Chandarbhan Chand • Vijay Ram Chand • Udi Ram Chand • Bhim Chand • Alam Chand II • Hamir Chand • Abhay Chand • Shrinagar Chand • Ghamir Chand • Ghamand Chand • Tegh Chand • Sansar Chand II	[2][179][223][224]
	Kashmir		Kashmir	1346	1589	Kashmir	Sikandar • Ali Shah I • Zayn al-'Abidin • Haydar Shah • Hasan Shah • Muhammad Shah • Fath Shah • Ibrahim Shah • Nazuk Shah • Shams ad-Din • Isma'il Shah • Mahmud Habib Shah • Ghazi Shah • Husayn Shah I • 'Ali Shah • Yusuf Shah • Saiyid Mubarak Baihaqi • Lohir Shah • Ya'qub Shah	[2][179][225]
	Kathiawar		Kathiawar Kingdom			Kutch	Amarji • Bhenji • Hamirji • Ravalj Lakhaji • Vibhaji Ravalji • Sataji Vibhaji • Jasaji Sataji • Lakhaji Ajoji • Ranmalji Lakhaji • Rajsinhji I Ajoji • Tamachi Rajsinhji • Lakhaji II Tamachi • Rajsinhji II Lakhaji • Hardholji Lakhaji • Tamachi Hardholji • Lakhaji III Tamachi • Jasaji Lakhaji • Sataji Lakhaji	[2][179][226]
	Keladi		Keladi Nayaka Kingdom	1499	1763	Malenadu	Chaudappa Nayaka • Sadashiva Nayaka • Sankanna Nayaka • Chikkasankanna • Ramaraja Nayaka • Hiriya Venkatappa Nayaka • Virabhadra Nayaka • Shivappa Nayaka • Chikkavenkatappa Nayaka • Bhadrappa Nayaka • Somashekara • Chennamma • Basavappa • Somashekara II • Kiriya Basavappa • Chennabasappa • Virammaji	[2][179][227]
	Khandesh		Khandesh Sultanate	1382	1601	Khandesh	Nasir Khan • Miran Adil Khan I • Miran Mubarak Khan I • 'Adil Khan II • Da'ud Khan • Ghazni Khan • Alam Khan • 'Adil Khan • Miran Muhammad Khan I • Miran Mubarak Shah II • Miran Muhammad Shah II • Rajah 'Ali Khan • Miran Bahadur Shah	[2][179][228]
	Koch		Koch Kingdom Koch Hajo	1515	1949	Koch	Gajanka • Sukranka • Mriganka • Susenphâ • Niladhwaj • Chakradhwaj • Nilambar • Chandan • Viswa Singha • Nar • Lakshmi • Bir • Pran • Madan • Basudev • Mahendra • Rup • Upendra • Debendra • Dhairjendra • Rajendra • Dharendra • Harendra	[2][179][229]
	Kochin		Kingdom of Cochin	700	1949	Kochin	Unni Rama Koil I • Unni Rama Koil II • Vira Kerala Varma I • Kesara Rama Varma II • Vira Kerala Varma II • Ravi Varma I • Vira Kerala Varma III • Goda Varma I • Vira Rayira Varma I • Vira Kerala Varma IV • Gangadhara Lakshmi • Rama Varma II • Goda Varma II • Vira Kerala Varma V • Rama Varma III • Rama Varma IV • Rama Varma V • Rama Varma V • Rama Varma VI • Kerala Varma I • Rama Varma VII • Kerala Varma II • Rama Varma VIII • Rama Varma IX • Rama Varma X • Kerala Varma III	[2][179][230]
	Ladakh		Ladakh	1460	1842	Ladakh	Gyalpo Takpa Bomlde • Lotus Chhogaldan • Tashi • Tsewang • Jamyang • Singye • Deldan • Delek • Nyima • Deskyong • Phuntsog • Saskyong • Tsewang II • Tsetan • Tsepel Tondup	[2][179][231]
	Madurai		Madurai Nayak dynasty	1529	1736	Tirunelveli	Parakrama • Vira • Vira II • Parakrama II • Vishvanatha • Kumara Periaya Krishnappa • Krishnappa Periaya • Lingayya Kumara • Mutu Krishnappa • Muttu Virappa I • Tirumala • Muttu Virappa II • Chokkanatha I • Muttu Linga • Muttu Varappa III • Chokkanatha II • Minakshi	[2][179][232]
	Malabar		Malabar Kingdom	1100	1806	Malabar	Manaveda I • Manavikraman I • Manaveda II • Manavikraman II • Viraraya I • Manavikraman III • Viraraya II • Manaveda III • Manaveda IV • Viraraya III • Manaveda V • Utrattati Tirunal • Manavikraman IV Bharani Tirunal • Nileswaram • Manaveda VI • Manavikraman V • Manaveda VII • Viraraya IV • Manaveda VIII	[2][179][233]
	Maldives		Maldives Sultanate	1117		Maldives	Hussan I • Nasr ud-Din • Hassan II • Ibrahim I • Danna Mohammed • Hasan III • Muhammad VI • Hasan IV • 'Umar • Hasan V • Hasan VI • Ibrahim II • Yusuf III • 'Ali IV • Muhammad VII • Hasan VII • Ahmad • 'Ali V • Muhammad VIII • Hasan IX • Abu Bakr II • 'Ali VI • Muhammad IX • Ibrahim III • Kamanfa'anu • Husayn II • 'Imad ad-Din I • Iskandar I • Muhammad X • Muhi ad-Din • Shams ad-Din I • Muhammad IV • 'Ali V • Hasan X • Muzhir ad-Din • 'Imad ad-Din II • Iskandar II • 'Imad ad-Din III • 'Izz ad-Din • Shams ad-Din • Mu'izz ad-Din • Muzhir ad-Din • Muin ad-Din Iskander	[2][234][235]
	Malwa		Malwa Sultanate	1392	1562	Mandu	Dilavar Khan Husain • Alp Khan Hushang • Ghazni Khan • Mahmud I • Ghiyath Shah • Nasir Shah • Mahmud Shah • Qadir Shah • Salim Shah • Baz Bahadur • Malhar Rao I • Mali Rao • Ahalya Bai	[2][179][236][237]
	Manipur		Manipur	1110	1949	Manipur	Pengshiba • Ningthou Khama • Senbi Kiyamba • Koiremba • Ching-Khong • Nongyin Phaba • Senbi Khomba • Tangjamba • Chalamba • Mungyamba • Khangemba • Khunjaoba • Paikhomba • Charairongba • Pamheiba • Chit-sai • Bharat-sai • Maramba • Ching-thang Khomba • Labeinachandra • Madhuchandra • Chourjit • Marjit	[2][179][238][239]
	Marathas		Maratha Empire	1674	1818	South Konkan	Shivaji I • Shambaji • Rajaram I • Shivaji II • Sahuji I • Balaji I Vishvanath • Baji Rao I • Balaji II Baji Rao • Madhu Rao I Balai • Narayan Rao • Ragunath Rao • Madhu Rao II • Baji Rao • Pratap Singh	[2][179][240]
	Marwar		Jodhpur State	1250	1949	Gorwar	Chunda • Kanha • Ranmal • Jodha • Satal • Suja • Ganga • Maldev • Chandrasen • Udai Singh • Suraj Singh • Gaj Singh • Jaswant Singh I • Ajit Singh • Abhai Singh • Rai Singh II • Bakht Singh • Ram Singh • Bijay Singh • Bhîm Singh • Man Singh • Chhatar Singh • Man Singh	[2][179][241]
	Mewar		Mewar Kingodm	530	1949	Chittor	Lakha Singh • Mokal Singh • Kumbhakarna Singh • Udai Singh I • Raimal • Sangram Singh I • Ratan Singh I • Vikramaditya Singh • Udai Singh II • Pratap Singh II • Amar Singh I • Karan • Jagat Singh I • Raj Singh I • Jai Singh • Amar Singh II • Sangram Singh II • Jagat Singh II • Pratap Singh II • Ari Singh • Hammir Singh II • Bhim Singh	[2][179][242][243]
	Mewat		Wali-e-Mewat Alwar State	1372	1527	Mewat	Jallu Khan • Ahmad Khan • Adil Khan • Hasan Khan • Naher Khan • Gokula • Ram Singh • Churaman Singh • Badan Singh • Suraj Mal • Jawahir Singh • Ratan Singh • Keshri Singh • Pratap Singh • Bakhtawar Singh • Binay Singh Prabhakar Bahadur	[2][179][244]
	Multan		Multan Sultanate		1557	Multan	Qutbudin • Hussain I • Firuzshah • Mahmud • Hussain II • Ghazi Khan Mirrani	[2][179][245]
	Mysore		Kingdom of Mysore	1399	1950	Mysore	Ganga Raja • Châma Râja III • Timma Râja II • Châma Râja IV • Bettada Deva Râja • Râja Wadaiyâr • Châma Râja V • Imadi Râja • Kanthirava Narasa Râja I • Kempa Deva Râja • Chikka Deva Râja • Kanthirava Narasa Râja II • Krishna Râja I • Châma Râja VI • Krishna Râja II • Haydar 'Alî • Tîpû Sâhib • Krishna Râja III	[2][179][246]
	Nagaur		Nagaur Sultanate	1388	1513	Nagaur	Firuz Khan • Qiyam Khan • Shams Khan • Muhammad Khan	[2][179][247]
	Nagpur		Nagpur Kingdom	1700	1853	East Berar	Chand Sultan • Raghuji I • Janoji • Sabaji • Raghuji II • Mudhoji II • Raghoji III	[2][179][248]
	Nepal		Malla (Nepal) Kingdom of Nepal	1201	2008	Kathmandu	Jayajyotimalla • Jayajyoti • Jayayaksha • Ratna • Surya • Amara • Narendra • Mahendra • Sadashiva • Shivasimha • Laksminarasimha • Pratapa • Jayanripendra • Parthivendra • Bhupendra • Bhaskara • Mahendrasimha • Jagajjaya • Jayaprasaka • Prithvi Narayana • Pratapa Simha • Rana Bahadur • Girvan Yuddha Bikram • Rajendra Bikram	[2][179][249][250]
	Orissa		Gajapati Kingdom	1434	1541	Cuttack	Kapilendra • Purushottama • Hamvira • Pratâprudra • Kaluadeva • Govindaraja Vidyadhara • Chakrapretâpa • Nârashima Jana • Raghurâma Chhotra • Mukundadeva Harishandra • Râmchandra Deva I • Da'ud	[2][179][251][252]
	Oudh		Oudh State	1732	1858	Lucknow	Muhammad Sa'adat Khan • Muhammad Safdar Jang • Shujah ad-Daula • Asaf ad-Daula • Wazir 'Ali Khan • Sa'adat 'Ali Khan • Ghazi ud-Din Haidar	[2][179][253]
	Patiala		Patiala State	1763	1948	Sirhind	Ala Singh • Amar Singh • Sahib Singh • Karam Singh	[2][179][254]
	Punjab		Punjab Empire	1799	1849	Lahore	Jasrath • Sikandar • Jassa Singh • Maha Singh • Ranjit Singh	[2][179][255][256]
	Rewa Kantha		Rajpipla State Rewa Kantha Agency	1340	1948	Rewakantha	Palandev • Patai Rawal • Arsisinhji • Hamirsinhji II • Bhimsinhji	[2][179][257]
	Rohilkhand		Rohilkhand Rampur State	1690	1947	Katehar	Ali Muhammad Khan • Hafiz Rahmat Khan • Faizullah Khan • Muhammad Ali Khan Bahadur • Ghulam Muhammad Khan Bahadur • Ahmad Ali Khan Bahadur	[2][179][258]
	Sadiya		Sadiya Kingdom	1248	1524	Sadiya	Mayuradhvaj Pal • Jayadhvaj Pal • Karmadhvaj Pal • Dhir Narayan	[2][179][259]
	Sind		Samma dynasty Arghun dynasty Tarkhan dynasty Sindh	1351	1843	Thatta	'Ali Sher • Fath Khan • Tughluq • Sikandar • Sanjar • Nizam ad-Din II Nanda • Furuz Salah ad-Din • Shah Shuja' Beg • Shah Husayn • Mirza Muhammad 'Isa • Mirza Muhammad Baqi • Mirza Jani Beg • Yar Muhammad Khan • Nur Muhammad • Muhammad Murad • Gulam Shah • Sarfaraz Khan • Gulam Nabi Khan • 'Abd an-Nabi Khan • 'Abd Allah Khan • Mir Fath Ali • Thara	[2][179][260]
Tirhut		Oinwar dynasty	1323	1526	Tirhut	Padma Singh • Bishwas Devi • Hari Singh • Nar Singh • Dhir Singh • Bhairav Singh • Rambhadra Singh • Rambhadra Singh	[2][179][261][262]
Tripura		Tripura Kingdom Tripura State	1463	1947	Tripura	Dharma • Pratap • Dhanya • Dhwaj • Debmanikya • Indra • Vijay • Ananta • Satrrudaman • Jai • Amar • Rajdhar • Jashodhar • Gobinda • Kalyan • Chhatra • Ramdev • Ratna • Narendra • Mahendra • Dharma • Mukunda • Jai • Indra • Krishna	[2][179][263]
Venad		Venad Travancore	1100	1949	Venad	Chera Udaya Varma • Mootha • Sri Vira Martanda Varma • Aditya Varma • Ravi Varma • Sri Vira Ravi Varma • Martanda Varma • Udaya Martanda Varma • Kerala Varma • Aditya Varma • Sri Vira Kulasekhara • Sri Vira Varma • Ravi Varma • Unni Kerala Varma • Unni Kerala Varma II • Aditya Varma • Unni Kerala Varma III • Rama Varma • Martanda Varma I • Rama Varma II • Bala Rama Varma I • Gouri Laksmi Bai • Gouri Parvati Bai	[2][179][264]
Vijayanagar		Vijayanagara Empire	1336	1646	Vijayanagar	Harihara II • Virupaksha I • Bukka II • Devaraya I • Vira Vijaya I • Devaraya II • Mallikarjuna • Virupaksha II • Praudha • Narasimha • Timma • Narasa Nayaka • Vîra Narasimha • Krishna • Achyuta • Venkata • Sâdashiva • Rama Raya • Tirumala • Ranga I • Venkata II • Ranga II • Râma I • Timma • Venkata III • Ranga III	[2][179][265][266]