Oroqen | |
---|---|
Oroqėn Urkun; Ороӄэн Уркун | |
Native to | China and Russia |
Region | China: Inner Mongolia, Heilongjiang and Russia: Amur Oblast and Khabarovsk Krai |
Ethnicity | Oroqen |
Native speakers | China: 800 (2009)[1] Russia: 400 speakers |
Tungusic
| |
Dialects |
|
Latin Alphabet and Cyrillic in (Russia) | |
Language codes | |
ISO 639-3 | orh |
Glottolog | oroq1238 |
ELP | Oroqen |
Oroqen (Ороӄэн Уркун; Oroqėn Urkun /ˈɒrətʃɛn, ˈɒroʊ-/; also known as Orochon, Oronchon, Olunchun, Elunchun or Ulunchun) is a Northern Tungusic language spoken in the People's Republic of China and Russia. Dialects are Gankui and Heilongjiang. Gankui is the standard dialect.[1] It is spoken by the Oroqen people of Inner Mongolia (predominantly the Oroqin Autonomous Banner), Heilongjiang in Northeast China and Malyy Urkan River Region, located in Amur Oblast, Russia and locality of Dor Mountain Khabarovsk Krai.[2]
Since the 1980s, Oroqen-language materials were produced by teachers in Oroqen-speaking areas. They based the language's orthography either on IPA or Pinyin. A majority of Oroqen speakers use Chinese as a literary language and some also speak Daur..
Oroqen is spoken in the following counties of China and Russian Far East Region:[1]
The Gankui dialect is used as the standard dialect for the Oroqen language.
Labial | Alveolar | Post- alveolar |
Velar | Glottal | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nasal | m | n | ɲ | ŋ | ||
Plosive/ Affricate |
voiceless | p | t | t͡ʃ | k | |
voiced | b | d | d͡ʒ | ɡ | ||
Fricative | ɸ | ʃ | x ~ [ɣ] ~ [h] | |||
Rhotic | r | |||||
Approximant | l | j | w |
Front | Central | Back | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
High | i iː | y | u uː | |
Near-high | ɪ ɪː | ʊ ʊː | ||
High-mid | eː | ə əː | o oː | |
Low-mid | ɛː | ɔ ɔː | ||
Low | ɑ ɑː |