Nihari

Nihari serving in Old Delhi, India
Course	Breakfast, lunch, dinner
Place of origin	Indian subcontinent
Region or state	Lucknow, Awadh
Associated cuisine	Indian, Pakistani, Bangladeshi[1]
Invented	18th century
Serving temperature	Hot
Main ingredients	Shank cut of beef (mainly in Pakistan), lamb and mutton, goat meat, or camel meat, as well as chicken and bone marrow
Other information	Served with naan or rice
Media: Nihari

Nihari (Hindi: निहारी; Bengali: নিহারী; Urdu: نہاری) is a stew originating in Lucknow, the capital of 18th-century Awadh under the Mughal Empire in the Indian subcontinent. It consists of slow-cooked meat, mainly a shank cut of beef, lamb and mutton, or goat meat, as well as chicken and bone marrow. It is flavoured with long pepper (pippali), a relative of black pepper. In Pakistan and Bangladesh, nihari is often served and consumed with naan.

Etymology

The name nihari originates from Arabic nahâr (نهار), meaning "morning";^[2][3][4] it was originally eaten by nawabs in the Mughal Empire as a breakfast course following Fajr prayer.^[2][4]

History

According to many sources, nihari originated in the royal kitchens of Lucknow, Awadh (modern-day Uttar Pradesh, India), in the late 18th century, during the last throes of the Mughal Empire.^[3] It was originally meant to be consumed as a heavy, high-energy breakfast dish on an empty stomach by working-class citizens, particularly in colder climates and seasons. However, the dish later gained a significant amount of popularity and eventually became a staple of the royal cuisine of Mughal-era nawabs.^[5][6]

Nihari developed with the overall cuisine of the Muslims of the Indian subcontinent. It remains a popular delicacy, especially in parts of Old Delhi, Lucknow, Lahore, Karachi, Peshawar, Dhaka, and Chittagong. The dish is known for its spiciness, taste, texture, and gravy.^{[7][4][better source needed]}

Popularity

Nihari is a traditional dish among the Indian Muslim communities of Lucknow, Delhi, and Bhopal. Following the partition of India in 1947, many Urdu-speaking Muslims from northern India migrated to Karachi in West Pakistan and Dhaka in East Pakistan, and established a number of restaurants serving the dish. In Karachi, nihari became a large-scale success^[8] and soon spread in prominence and availability across Pakistan.

In some restaurants, a few kilograms from each day's leftover nihari is added to the next day's pot; this reused portion of the dish is known as taar and is believed to provide a unique flavour. Some nihari outlets in Old Delhi claim to have kept an unbroken cycle of taar going for more than a century.^[9]

Medicinal remedies

Nihari is also used as a home remedy for fever, rhinorrhea, and the common cold.^[10]