Weinan
渭南市
Prefecture-level city
Location of Weinan City jurisdiction in Shaanxi
Location of Weinan City jurisdiction in Shaanxi
Coordinates (Weinan municipal government): 34°31′14″N 109°28′16″E / 34.5206°N 109.4710°E / 34.5206; 109.4710
CountryPeople's Republic of China
ProvinceShaanxi
Settled668 BC
Municipal seatLinwei District
Divisions
County-level:


Township-level:
2 district
2 county-level cities
7 counties
143 towns and villages
Government
 • CPC Ctte SecretaryLi Mingyuan
 • MayorLi Yi
Area
 • Land13,134 km2 (5,071 sq mi)
 • Urban
 (2018)[1]
78 km2 (30 sq mi)
Population
 (2010)
 • Prefecture-level city5,520,772
 • Urban
 (2018)[1]
660,000
 • Urban density8,500/km2 (22,000/sq mi)
DemonymGuanzhong dialect
GDP[2]
 • Prefecture-level cityCN¥ 143 billion
US$ 23 billion
 • Per capitaCN¥ 26,729
US$ 4,292
Time zoneUTC+8 (China Standard)
Postal code
714000
Area code0913
ISO 3166 codeCN-SN-05
Licence plate prefixes陕E
Website(in Chinese) Weinan.gov.cn
(in English) EN.Weinan.gov.cn

Weinan (Chinese: 渭南; pinyin: Wèinán) is a prefecture-level city in the east central Shaanxi province, China. The city lies on the lower section of the Wei River confluence into the Yellow River, about 60 km (37 mi) east of the provincial capital Xi'an, and borders the provinces of Shanxi and Henan to the east.

The name "Weinan", literally meaning "south of the Wei River", describes the location of the city's urban districts being mostly south of the Wei River, although majority of its metropolitan area actually lies on the north side of the river.

History

Xiyue Temple was first built in the Han dynasty

As a significant area between the ancient Chinese capital Xi'an and Luoyang, Weinan has a long history.

Ancient

Weinan Drum Tower, built in the Ming dynasty

The ancient Dali Man lived in the modern area of Weinan. The Xiagui county was settled in the year of 668 BC by the state of Qin. Weinan got its name in the year of 360 by the Former Qin state. In the Tang dynasty, 10 emperors were buried in Weinan after their death. On the morning of 23 January 1556, the deadliest earthquake on record with its epicenter in Huaxian killed approximately 830,000 people, destroying an 840 kilometre-wide (520 mi) area.[3]

Modern

The Weinan prefecture-level city was established in 1995, in replacement of the Weinan prefecture. Due to the construction of the Sanmenxia Dam, the economy of the city was restricted to agricultural sections, and therefore the development level of the city is much lower than other cities in the province. The city developed rapidly after economic reform in China. The east part of Guanzhong Plain now belongs to the city, making Weinan the second most populated city in the Shaanxi province, after the capital Xi'an.

Administration

The municipal executive, legislature and judiciary are in Linwei District, together with the CPC and Public Security bureaux.

Administrative divisions of Weinan City
Division code[4] English name Chinese name Pinyin Area
(km) 		Seat Postal code Subdivisions[5]
Subdistricts Towns Residential communities Villages
610500 Weinan City 渭南市 Wèinán Shì 13030.56 Linwei District 714000 12 130 215 3218
610502 Linwei District 临渭区 Línwèi Qū 1263.76 Duqiao Subdistrict (杜桥街道) 714000 8 16 56 514
610503 Huazhou District 华州区 Huàzhōu Qū 1132.46 Huazhou Subdistrict (华州街道) 714100 1 9 15 242
610522 Tongguan County 潼关县 Tóngguān Xiàn 427.35 Chengguan Subdistrict (城关街道) 714300 1 4 15 78
610523 Dali County 大荔县 Dàlì Xiàn 1690.60 Chengguan Subdistrict (城关街道) 715100 1 15 26 400
610524 Heyang County 合阳县 Héyáng Xiàn 1317.15 Chengguan Subdistrict (城关街道) 715300 1 11 19 353
610525 Chengcheng County 澄城县 Chéngchéng Xiàn 1121.64 Chengguan Subdistrict (城关街道) 715200 1 9 14 266
610526 Pucheng County 蒲城县 Púchéng Xiàn 1579.81 Chengguan Subdistrict (城关街道) 715500 1 15 8 373
610527 Baishui County 白水县 Báishuǐ Xiàn 983.95 Chengguan Subdistrict (城关街道) 715600 1 7 11 194
610528 Fuping County 富平县 Fùpíng Xiàn 1245.99 Chengguan Subdistrict (城关街道) 711700 1 14 9 337
610581 Hancheng City 韩城市 Hánchéng Shì 1591.60 Xincheng Subdistrict (新城街道) 715400 2 10 26 275
610582 Huayin City 华阴市 Huàyīn Shì 676.26 Taihua Road Subdistrict (太华路街道) 714200 2 4 16 186
Note: The statistic of Linwei District includes the 2 subdistricts of Weinan High-Tech Industrial Development Zone.

Climate

Climate data for Weinan (1991–2015 normals, extremes 1981–2010)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 17.3
(63.1) 		24.2
(75.6) 		30.9
(87.6) 		36.2
(97.2) 		37.5
(99.5) 		42.8
(109.0) 		40.4
(104.7) 		39.0
(102.2) 		37.9
(100.2) 		32.0
(89.6) 		25.6
(78.1) 		22.5
(72.5) 		42.8
(109.0)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 5.3
(41.5) 		9.9
(49.8) 		16.0
(60.8) 		22.7
(72.9) 		27.7
(81.9) 		32.5
(90.5) 		33.2
(91.8) 		30.9
(87.6) 		26.1
(79.0) 		20.3
(68.5) 		12.9
(55.2) 		6.6
(43.9) 		20.3
(68.6)
Daily mean °C (°F) −0.1
(31.8) 		3.9
(39.0) 		9.5
(49.1) 		15.8
(60.4) 		20.9
(69.6) 		25.9
(78.6) 		27.4
(81.3) 		25.3
(77.5) 		20.4
(68.7) 		14.5
(58.1) 		7.3
(45.1) 		1.4
(34.5) 		14.4
(57.8)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) −4.3
(24.3) 		−0.8
(30.6) 		4.1
(39.4) 		9.7
(49.5) 		14.5
(58.1) 		19.5
(67.1) 		22.3
(72.1) 		20.8
(69.4) 		16.0
(60.8) 		10.0
(50.0) 		2.9
(37.2) 		−2.8
(27.0) 		9.3
(48.8)
Record low °C (°F) −13.7
(7.3) 		−14.5
(5.9) 		−7.5
(18.5) 		−1.2
(29.8) 		2.4
(36.3) 		10.3
(50.5) 		15.0
(59.0) 		13.0
(55.4) 		6.6
(43.9) 		−3.3
(26.1) 		−7.7
(18.1) 		−16.7
(1.9) 		−16.7
(1.9)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 5.4
(0.21) 		10.1
(0.40) 		21.9
(0.86) 		42.9
(1.69) 		55.3
(2.18) 		56.4
(2.22) 		82.8
(3.26) 		82.0
(3.23) 		96.2
(3.79) 		54.5
(2.15) 		25.9
(1.02) 		5.1
(0.20) 		538.5
(21.21)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) 3.3 4.0 5.6 7.1 8.4 7.2 8.9 9.2 11.0 8.5 5.6 2.6 81.4
Average snowy days 4.0 2.8 1.1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.1 3.2 12.2
Average relative humidity (%) 64 63 62 64 64 61 72 78 80 77 74 67 69
Mean monthly sunshine hours 130.8 129.3 167.8 194.8 217.5 218.0 228.5 203.7 146.3 138.6 126.7 128.8 2,030.8
Percent possible sunshine 42 42 45 49 50 50 52 49 40 40 41 42 45
Source: China Meteorological Administration[6][7]

Demographics

Breakdown of Weinan population by district and county (2010 census)
Division Permanent residents[8](November 2010) Hukou residents[9]
(by end of 2010)
Total Percentage Population density (persons/km2)
Weinan City 5286077 100 405.67 5600599
Linwei District 877142 16.59 694.07 976822
Huazhou District 322148 6.09 284.47 347913
Tongguan County 155463 2.94 363.79 165860
Dali County 693392 13.12 410.15 718340
Heyang County 436441 8.26 331.35 451983
Chengcheng County 386150 7.31 344.27 404663
Pucheng County 743000 14.06 470.31 782571
Baishui County 279679 5.29 284.24 294823
Fuping County 743385 14.06 596.62 791246
Hancheng City 391164 7.40 245.77 399696
Huayin City 258113 4.88 381.68 266682
Note:The permanent residents of Linwei district include the 49209 permanent residents of Weinan High-Tech Industrial Development Zone.

According to the sixth National Population Census of the People's Republic of China, there are 5,286,077 people resident in Weinan.[10] Compared to the previous census data from 2000, the population has decreased by 108,729 persons. Among the residents, 50.75% are males and 49.25% are females. The number of male and female residents are separately 2,682,710 and 2,603,367. The sex ratio is 103.05.[10]

Transportation

Due to its location on the plain, Weinan is well connected, especially to the provincial capital Xi'an.

Public Transportation

As of March 2015, there are 20 bus routes operated in the urban area of the city. Apart from line 1 and 2 with air-conditioning carrying a fare of 2 RMB, all other bus route fares are 1 RMB. There are also 1000 taxis in the urban city, The base fare is currently ¥5 which covers the first 2.5 km. Additional kilometers cost ¥1.4 or ¥1.5 each.

Roads

China National Highway 108 and China National Highway 310 pass through the city. Major expressways in the city are G5 Beijing–Kunming Expressway, G30 Lianyungang–Khorgas Expressway and G65E Yulin–Lantian Expressway. 5 bridges connect north and south part of the city on the Wei River, there are also 3 road bridges connecting the city to the neighboring Shanxi Province on the Yellow River.

Rail

Weinan North railway station is connected by two high-speed railways.

The urban city of Weinan owns 4 railway stations. Weinan railway station was open in 1934. Located on the important Longhai railway, almost all Chinese major cities can be reached through the train. Weinan North railway station is served by high-speed trains on the Xuzhou–Lanzhou and Datong–Xi'an lines. The station is part of the Weinan Weihe Grand Bridge, one of the longest bridges in the world. Weinan South railway station and Weinan West railway station are on the Nanjing–Xi'an Railway, they are both only served by the slowest trains.

In the suburban area, there are also 2 stations for high-speed railway:Huashan North Railway Station and Dali Railway Station, there are as well also stations for conventional rail like the Huashan railway station and Hancheng railway station.

Air

There is no commercial passagenger airport in Weinan, the nearest airport is Xi'an Xianyang International Airport. A shuttle bus connects the Weinan Railway Station with the airport frequently throughout the day. A smaller airport is under construction in Huazhou District to serve the tourism of Hua Mountain.

Tourism

Education

Schools

As of end in 2012, there are 2859 schools of all kinds; 75 high schools, 70 vocational schools, 310 junior high schools, 1266 primary schools, 1002 kindergartens and 7 special education schools.

Universities

Weinan has 3 higher educational institutions. The Weinan Normal University is a comprehensive multi-discipline research university. Weinan has 2 other tertiary institutions, they are Shaanxi Railway Institute and Weinan Vocational and Technical College.

Notable people

International relations

See also: List of twin towns and sister cities in China

Weinan's twin towns and sister cities are:

References

  1. ^ a b Cox, W (2018). Demographia World Urban Areas. 14th Annual Edition (PDF). St. Louis: Demographia. p. 22.
  2. ^ 陕西省统计局、国家统计局陕西调查总队 (August 2016). 《陕西统计年鉴－2016》. 中国统计出版社. ISBN 978-7-5037-7918-3. Archived from the original on 2017-05-29.
  3. ^ "China's History of Massive Earthquakes". 12 May 2008. Archived from the original on 14 May 2008. Retrieved 16 June 2008.
  4. ^ 国家统计局统计用区划代码 (in Chinese). National Bureau of Statistics of China. Retrieved 2015-06-26.
  5. ^ Ministry of Civil Affairs of the People's Republic of China (2014). 《中国民政统计年鉴2014》 (in Simplified Chinese). China Statistics Print. ISBN 978-7-5037-7130-9.
  6. ^ 中国气象数据网 – WeatherBk Data (in Simplified Chinese). China Meteorological Administration. Retrieved 26 August 2023.
  7. ^ 中国气象数据网 (in Simplified Chinese). China Meteorological Administration. Retrieved 26 August 2023.
  8. ^ National Bureau of Statistics of China (2012). 《中国2010年人口普查分县资料》 (in Simplified Chinese). China Statistics Print. ISBN 978-7-5037-6659-6.
  9. ^ Ministry of Public Security of China (1986). 《中华人民共和国全国分县市人口统计资料2010》 (in Simplified Chinese). 群众出版社. ISBN 978-7-5014-4917-0.
  10. ^ a b 渭南市2010年第六次全国人口普查主要数据公报. Bureau of Health and Family Planning of Weinan City, in Chinese. Retrieved 2015-06-26.
  11. ^ 我市与俄罗斯阿穆尔共青城结为友好城市. Weinan People's Government. Retrieved 2016-05-14.

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